284 • PICOIDES ARCTICUS. 



PICOIDES AEOTICUS, (Sw.) Gray. 

 Black-backed Threc-tocd Woodpecker, 



" Picus varim cayanensis, J, Briss., Orn. iv, 57" (fide Cab.; nomen geogr. ineptum, 

 liipsn ("canadensis"), sec. SuxD.). 



Picus tridaciylus, Bp., Am. Orn. iii, 1828, 243, pi. 14, f. 2 ; Syn. 1828, 46.— AUD., Orn. 

 Biog. ii, 1834, 198; v, 1839, 538; pi. 132.— Nutt., Mau. i, 1832, 578. (^Not of 

 European writers.) 



Picus {Apternus) arcticus, Sw., F. B. A. li, 1831, 313, pi. 57. 



Picus arcticus, Auc, SyQ. 1839, 182; B. Am. iv, 286, pi. 268.— Ndtt., Man. i, 1840, 691.— 

 PuTN., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 214 (Massachusetts ; very rare). — Sdnd., Consp. 

 Av. Pic. 1866, 15. 



Jpternus arcticus, Sw., Clas.sif. B. ii, 1837, 306.— Bp., Consp. List, 1838, 39; Consp. Av. 

 1, 1850, 139.— Reich., Hand-buch Sp. Orn. 36 ; pi. 630, f. 4189, 4191.— Newb., P. R. 

 E. Rep. vi, 18-57, 91. 



Picoides arcticus. Gray, Gen. of B. ii, 434; pi. 108, fig. 7; Hand-list, ii, 1870, 181, No. 

 8539.— Bd., B. N. a. 18.')8, 98.— Malh., Mon. Pic. i, 174, pi. 39, f. 5, 6.— Board.m., 

 Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, ltf02, 123 (Maine ; probably resident). — Lord, Pr. Roy. Arty. 

 Inst, iv, 1864, 112 (Cascade Mountains). — Vekr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 144 (Nor- 

 way, Me. ; very common, except in summer). — Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 

 52 (Massachusetts ; vltj rare or accidental, in winter). — McIlwr., ibid, v, 

 1866, 83 (Hamilton, C' \Y. ; rare, iu winter).— Coues, ibid, v, 1868, 202.— 

 TnuNB., B. E. Pa. 1869,41 (occasional in mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, 

 Pocouo). — Mayn., Guide, 1870, 129 (Massachusetts, verv rare) ; Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 187J, p. —.—Coop., Pr. Cal. Acad. 1868 (Lalie Tahoe) ; B. Cal. i, 1870, 385 (Sierra 

 Nevada of California).- Trjppe. Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871, 118 (?).— Mep.k., U. S. 

 Geol. Surv. Ter. 1872, 694.— COHES, Key, 1872, 194.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. ii, 

 1874, 530, pi. 50, f. 1. 



Tridactylia arciica, Cab. & Heine, ;Uus. Hein. iv, 1863, 27. 



" Picus koeliii, Naum.— Gloger, Hand-buch Nat. Gesch. Vog. Eur. 462" (Cab.) 



nab. — Northern North America, into the Northern United States in winter, and iu 

 all probability resident along our northern frontier, as well as further south in moun- 

 tainous regions. Rarely south in winter to Massachusetts; casually to Pennsj'lvania 

 {Audubon, Turnbull). South to Sierra Nevada {Coopw). 



Laic Expeditious. — 62261, Lower Geyser Basin, Wyoming. 



Although this species has not, to my knowledge, been yet taken in 

 the Missouri region, there is no doubt whatever of the propriety of in- 

 cluding it in the present work, as a species to be found at least in the 

 mountainous and northern portions. Mr. TriiJjje gives it as probably 

 breeding in Minnesota, and Dr. Cooper has a more explicit notice. " I 

 found this bird," he writes, " quite numerous about Lake Tahoe, and the 

 summits of the Sierra ISTevada above G,000 feet altitude, in September, 

 and it extends thence northward, chiefly on the east side of these and 

 the Cascade Mountains, as I never saw it near the Lower Columbia. 

 At the lake, they were quite fearless, coming close to the hotel, and 

 industriously tapping the trees in the early morning and evening. * * 

 I noticed their burrows in low pine-trees near the lake, where they had 

 doubtless raised their young. I found them silent birds, though prob- 

 ably in the spring they have a great variety of calls. The only note I 

 heard was a shrill, rattling cry, suiScieutly distinct from that of any 

 other Woodpecker." 



PICOIDES AMEPtlCANUS, Brehm. 

 Banded Three-toed Woodpecker. 



a. americanus. 



('?'?)''■ Picus varius cayanensis, $, Briss., Orn. iv, 54" = P!c taclietd de Cayenne, F.E. 

 553 = Apternus cayanensis, Reich., Hand-buch, 363 ; nomen ineptum ; avis 

 fictita? Inde P. undulaius, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, 69 ; Enc. Meth. iii, 

 1319 ("digitibus quatuor") = P. undatus, Tejim., Tabl. Meth. 63, et P. undosus', 

 Cuv., R. A. i, 1829, 451.— (Malh., Mou. i, 184, 185). 



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