CENTURUS CAROLINUS, • RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. 289 



peared to be nearly confined to the pine woods, and proved rather a 

 wary bird, frequenting for the most part the upper portions of tlie tall 

 trees. It has an abrupt,. explosive outcry, much liiie that of other spe- 

 cies of Woodpeckers, and also an entirely different call-note. This 

 sounds to me like a number of rolling r's, beginning with a guttural It — 

 ]d-r-r-r — each set of r's making a long syllable. This note is leisurely 

 given, and iudefluitely repeated, in a very low key. The general habits 

 of this species are most nearly like those of 8. varius, but its geograph- 

 ical distribution is much more restricted, and the bird is not, apparently, 

 migratory. It is an inhabitant more especially of mountainous regions 

 of the west, within the pine belt — the same faunal area of which Picicor- 

 vus and QymnoMtta are characteristic. 



Mr. Tri})pe writes me as follows of Williamson's Woodpecker in Col- 

 orado : "Common; migratory; breeds. This Woodpecker arrives in 

 the neighborhood of Idaho Springs in the early or middle part of April, 

 and soon becomes rather common, extending its range up to 10,00(» feet, 

 and perhaps higher, but is most numerous between 6,000 and 9,000 feet. 

 It is rather unequal in its distribution, being abundant in certain locali- 

 ties and quite scarce in others, but a short distance away." 



CENTURUS CAEOLmUS, (Linn.) Sw. 



Red-bellied Woodpecker. 



Ficm earolinus, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1766, 174 (P. wnlre nibro, Gates., i, 19).— Wii.s., Am. 



Orn. i, 1808, 113, pi. 7, fig. a.— Bp., Svd. 1828, 45.— NuTT., Man. i, .572.— Aud., 



■ Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 169, ill. 415; Syn. 1839, 183; B. Am. iv, 1842, 270, pi. 270.— 



GiE., B. L. I. 1844, 179.— Maxim., J. f. 0. 1853, 418.— Sdnd., Consp. Av. Pic. 53. 



Centurus carolinus, Sw., Class. B. ii, 1837, 310 (" carolinensi8").-^BF., List, 1838, 40 ; Consp.. 

 i, 1850, 119.— WOODH., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 91.-BD., B. N. A. 1858, 109.— Hayd., 

 Rep. 1862, 156.— Cab., J. f. O. 1862, 324.— Dkess., Ibis, 1865, 469 (Texas).— 

 AiXEN, Pr. Ess. Inst. Iv, 1864, 53 (Massachusetts, "accidental"). — Coues, ibid.. 

 Y, 1868, 262 (rare or accidental in Southern New England). — McIlw];., ibid, v, 

 1866, 83 (Chatham, C. W., three specimens). — Allen, Mem. Bost. Soc. i, 1868,, 

 499, 519, 525 (Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana).— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 306 

 (Florida) ; iii, 1872, 180 (Kansas).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 3 (abund.aut).— CouES, 

 Key, 1872, 196.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. ii, 1874, 554, pi. 52, fig. 1, 4. 



Zebrapicus carolinus, Malil, Mon. Pic. ii, 234, pi. 103, figs. 7, 8. 



Picus zebra, Bodd., Planch. Enlnm. 602. 



Picus (jriseus, ViEiLL., Ois. Am. Sept. ii, 1807, 52, pi. 116. 



" Picus erythrauclim, Wagl., Syst. Av. 1827." 



Sab. — United States to the Rocky Mountains. North rarely to Southern New En- 

 gland ("Nova ^cotin," Audubon). Canada West. Not found "in Minnesota (Trijjpe). 

 Fort Thorn, New Mexico (Henry). 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition.— iGbS, St. Joseph's, Mo. ; 4624, Nemaha Reserve. 



This is a rather southern species, very abundant south of 35°, but 

 not common north of the Middle districts. It very rarely extends into- 

 New England, whence we have but few quotations, and none north of 

 Massachusetts. Audubon, indeed, gives it from Nova Scotia, but sucL 

 a range has not, to my knowledge, been contirmed of late. Mr. Mcll- 

 wraith notes three specimens captured in Canada West. I used to find 

 it frequently about Washington. Mr. Trippe remarks upon its apparent 

 absence in Minnesota with surprise, since*" during the winter it is ex- 

 ceedingly abundant in Southern Iowa, from which section great num- 

 bers migrate on the approach of spring. I supposed that it crossed 

 over the prairies of Iowa and the southern part of Minnesota, and passed 

 the breeding season in the woods of the northern part of the latter State. 

 I found this to be a mistake, however, as I did not see a single individ- 

 ual during the whole year." In Kansas it is plentiful; I found it in 

 May in the timber along Ilepublican River. It must, however, fie con- 

 sidered a rare bird in most portions of the Missouri region. 



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