ASYNDESMUS TOEQUATt'S, LEWIS WOODPECKER. 



291 



says, it arrives the latter part of April and departs in September or the 

 beginning ot October. That even this si)ecies. however, sonietinies 

 lingers throngh the winter in Pennsylvania is sliown by Prof. Baird's 

 record of Carlisle specimens, among which are observed captures in De- 

 cember and February. I do not think that any Eed-heads endure the 

 severe winters of the Upper Missouri, P. riUosus and pubescens being the, 

 only species I have observed in Dakota at tbis season. 



ASTXDESMUS TORQUATUS, (Wils.) Coues. 

 lewis's Woodpecker. 



Picks torqiialus, WiLS.. Am. Dm. iii, Ifll, 31, pi. 20. fi<r. 3.— Bp., Syn. lt-2-?. 46.— Nutt., 

 Man. i, le3-2, o7T.— AVD., Orn. Biog. v, 1T6. ])1. 416; Stii. 1-39. Ir4 : B. Am. iv, 

 l5'4-2. 2-0. pi. 272.— SuN'B,. Consp. Av. Pic. l:^oG. 51. 



ilelaneiyes targuaUis, Bp., Consp. At. i. IScO, 115.— Hfekm.. Jonni. Phil.i. Acad, ii, li-.'.o. 

 270.— Nlwb., p. R. R. Rep. vi. 1^.57, 90.— Bd., B. X. A. 1-5-;. 11.'..— Heekm.. P. 

 E. E. Rep. X, 1>59. pt. vi . 5?.— Coop. & .?r ck.. X. H. W.ish. Ter. IHdO, 161.- H.\yd., 

 Eep. 166-2, 156.— Coop., 15. Cal. i. 1^70. 40o.— Allin. Bull. M. C. Z. iii. 1^72. 1-0.— 

 Aiken, Pr. Bost. Soc. 1-72. 207.— Stev., U. S. Oeol. Siirv. Ter. 1-70.463.— Mere., 

 ibid. Ie72, 6yo.— B. B. & R., X. A. B. ii. 1?74, 561, pi. 54, fig. 5. 



Cdeus iorguatus, Woodh., Sit>"r. Eep. \ioS. 90 (lscI. syn. (rui.. Less.. JTanl-) 



Asyvdesmui iorquatus, Coues, Pr, Phila. Acad. 1-60. 56.— Coles. Key. 1-72, 197. 



Melanerpes {Asi/ndesmus) torquatus, Gkay, Hand-list, ii. 1-70. 201, Xo. t-18. 



Picus montaKus, OnD, Guthrie's Geoy;. 2d Am. ed. 1-15, 316. 



" Picus hicisii, Dr a ptf.z." (Jide G. R. Gray). 



Sab. — Eastern slopes and foot-hiUs of the Eocky Jlonntains to the Pacific, United 

 States. 



Li-it of specimens. 



191S5 82 Snake River . . . 

 lPL-6 1 10 Wind R. Mts. . . 

 19331 ' . . . . j TeUowstone E . 

 193:J2 : . . . J Bighorn Mts . . . 



19333 i....| do 



19334 L-.-i do 



Jane 17. 1-60 

 May 26, 1-RO 

 Jnne 23. 1>00 

 June 15. 1-GO 

 June 20. 1-^GO 

 Jinie20, 1S60 



F. "^ . Havden ; 



do.:. ...I 



G. H. Trook..j 



do I 



do ' 



do I 



11.50 

 11.75 

 11 00 

 11. .50 

 11.00 

 11.00 



22.00 I 

 22.00 ■ 

 22.011 

 22.00 . 

 21.50 

 21.50 



(-.75 

 6.75 

 6<f(i 

 f.-oO . 



ll.CIl 



6.00 



Lieutenant Warren's Erpedition. — Xo. 466?, Cbeyenne River; -rlO-15, Laramie Peak. 

 Later Expeditions. — 59844-46, Colorado: 54303. 60355. Wyoming, 62274-76, Idaho, 



The plnmage of this remarkable Woodpecker is peculiar, both in 

 texture and color; no other species of our country shows such a rich 

 metallic iridescence, or such intense crimson, and in none is the plumage 

 so curiously modified into a bristly character. Unlike most species, 

 again, the seses are not certainly distinguishable. The youuy, however, 

 differ very materially, the under parts being dull gray, only here and 

 there slashed with red, the face lacking the crimson velvety pilous area, 

 and the upper parts being mnch less lustrous. 



This fine species, like Sphyrapkus thyroideus, is chiefly a bird of tLe 

 vast forests that clothe most of our mountain ranges with permanent 

 verdure. With this limitation its distribution is extensive, as uoted 

 above. iJy own experience with the bird in life is confined to the 

 vicinity of Fort Whipple, in Arizona, where it is a very common species. 

 A bird of singular aspect, many of its habits are no less peculiar. One 

 seeing it for the first time would hardly take it for a Woodpecker, unless 

 he happened to observe it clambering over the trunk of a tree, or tap- 

 ping for insects, in the manner peculiar to its tribe. When flying, the 

 large, dark bird might rather be mistaken for a Crow Blackbird; for, 

 although it sometimes swings itself from one tree to another, in a long 

 festoon, like other Woodpeckers, its ordinary iligUt is more fii-m and 



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