SUENIA ULULA VAE. HUDSONIA, HAWK OWL. 311 



States east of the Mississij^pi, aud in Kansas and Texas; while the 

 silence of the records in the West may be in greatest part due to the 

 fact, that few explorations are conducted — even individual observations 

 being restricted — during tbe inclement season, when its visits are made, 

 if at all. But I have learned, from several residents in the vicinity of 

 Port Eandall, of its occasional appearance on tbe Missouri at that point. 

 I find no United States quotations west of the Eocky Mountains ; for 

 although the species is admitted in Dr. Cooper's work, tbis author 

 admits "there is as yet no intimation of the occurrence in California of 

 this large Owl." In New England aud a part of tbe Middle States, tbe 

 Snowy Owl is sometimes common in winter. Mr. Cassin remarks that 

 it is occasionally so numerous as to sell for a mere trifle in tbe Philadel- 

 phia markets. It does not, however, entirely withdraw from the arctic 

 regions even in winter, at which season Mr. Dall saw it flying over the 

 frozen Yukon. The probability is, that it is resident in the forests of 

 Maine. Mr. Boardman instances a pair seen in spring that probably 

 had a nest in the vicinity of Calais ; and its capture in Massachusetts, 

 as late as the 20th of May, is recorded by Mr. Alien. 



According to those who have studied the bird in its native regions, 

 it is not exclusively nocturnal, but hunts by day without inconvenience ; 

 feeds on hare and grouse as well as smaller game, and is expert in fish- 

 ing ; nests on the ground, and lays three or four white eggs measuring 

 about 2f inches in length by 2 in breadth. 



SUENIA ULULA var. HUDSONIA, (Gm.) Coues. 

 American Hawk Owl. 



a. ulula. 



Ckniietfe d, longue qiiene de Sibirie, BnKF., P. E. 463 ; Ois. Sonn. iv, pi. 30, fig. 1. 



Ohouetle ^perviere, Buff., Ois. Soun., iv, 128. 



Strix ulula, Linn., Svst. Nat. i, 1766, 133 (based on Fn. Suec. 78 ; Beiss., i, 511, &c.).— 



DONND., Beit, i, 169.— NiLSS., Sliaud. Fu. i, 64. 

 (???) Strix ulula var. 6., Lath,, Inil. Orn. i, 1790, 60 (quotes S. arctica, Spark., Mas. Carls. 



iii, p. 5). 

 Surnia ulula, Bp., Cat. Ucc. Eur. p. 22. — Gp.ay, Gen. of B. i, 1844, pi. 12, fig. 1. — Kaup, 



Mon. Strig. Cout. Orn. 1852, 107.— Gkay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 39.— Ueess., B. Eur. 



X3t. xii, 1872. 

 " Strix fttncn-a, Linn., Fn. Suec, 1761, 25, No. 75 " (this is also the primary l^asis of Syst. 



Nat. i, 1766, 133, No. 11, with which, however, is ci,ted S. canadensis, Bki.ss.'). — 



Lath., Iiid. Orn. ii, 1790, 60.— Te.mm., Man. i, 1820, 86.— Schl., Eev. Grit. 1844, 17. 

 Noctua {Surnia) funerea, Cuv., E. A. 1817, i, 332. 

 Surnia fiinerea, Bp., List, 183.8, 6. — Gour.D, B". Eur. pi. 45. — ^Less., Man. i, 110. — Sw., 



Classif. B. ii, 218.-Bi;ehm, V. D. i, 101.— Keys & Blas. Wirb. Eur. 1840, 32. 

 Strix uraleiisis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii, 1809, 277, pi. 35 (iiec Pall.). 

 Strix nisoria, Meyer. Tasch. i, 1810, 84.— ISechst., Naturg. li, 984.— Naum., V. T>. 1822, 



i, 427, p). 42, ag. 2. 

 Si/rnium nisoria, Kaop, Sli. Eut. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 59. 

 Noctua nisoria, Cuv., R. A. 2d ed. i, 1829, 344. 

 Surnia nisoria, Brehm, V. D. i, 102, pi. 7, fig. 1. 

 Strix doliata, Pall., Zoog. E.-A. i, 1811, 316, pi. 1. 



(??) '■ Strix arctica, Sparrm., Mus. Carls. 51." — (GuAY; rather Brackyotui palustris). 

 "Strix accqntrina, Bechst., Vog. Deutsch. ii, 372, pi. 12." 



b. liudsonia. 



Strix canadensis, Brlss., Orn. i, 1760, 518, pi. 37, fig. 2.— Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii, 1809, 273. 



Surnia canadensis, Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii, pt. ii, 1826, 62. 



Strix freti-hudsonis, Briss., Orn. 1760, 520 ("Little Hawk Owl," Edw., ii, 1747, pi. 62; 



whence Caparaeoch, Buff., i, 1770, 306). 

 Strix fiinerea, Lln-n., Syst. Nat. i, 1706, 133 (partly; includes the European).— Fokst., 



Philos. Trans. 1xi\, 1772, 38.5.— Bp., Syu. 1828, 25.— Sw. & ElCH., F. B. A. ii. 



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