ACCIPITER COOPEKI, COOPEE'S HAWK. 335 



Accipiter cooperi, Ghay, List B. Br. Mus. 38.— Cass., 111. 1854, 96.— Brew., N. A. 0;;i. 



1857, 90, pi. 5, f. 55 (egg).— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 16; Mex. B. Snrv. ii, 1859, [,'. 



ii, p. 3.— Sci.., P. Z. S. 1859, 389 (critical).- Heerji., P. E. E. Rep. x, 18.";i. pf. 



vi, 33.— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 145.— Blak., Ibis, iii, 1861, :!I7.— 



Di:ess., Ibis, 1865, 3d3 (Texas).— CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. l«iG, 43.— Ai.lex, 



Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 321.— ScL. & Sai.v., Exot. OrD. i, 1869, 170.— Lawr., Ann. 



Lye. N. Y. ix, 18G8, 134 (Costa Rica).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 464.— Snow, B. 



Kaus. 1873.— Coues, Key, 187-.>, 212, tig. 140. 

 Accipiter (Vooperastur) cooperi, Gi:ay, H. L. i, 1839, 32, No. 312 (" Cooperastur," Bp., 1854). 

 Falm staiileiii, AVD., Orn. Biog. i, 186, pi. 36 (Astur) ; li, 245, pi. 141, 3.— Nutt., Man. i, 



1832, 91. 

 JN7.SHS cooperi,'RiDGW., Pr. Bost. Soc. xvi, 1873, 59.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, S-W. 

 Accipiter iiiokanHS, Sw., F. B. A. ii, 1831,45.— Cass., 111. 1854, 96.— Stmck., Orn. Syn. 



1855, 109.— Bd., B. N. a. 1858, 17.— Coop. A- SuCK., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 146.— 



CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 43 (Arizona).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 465.— Stev., 



U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 462. 

 Accipiter (Cooperastur) mexicanus, Gkay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 33, No. 313. 

 Xisus cooperi -var. mexicanus, Ridgw., Pr. Bost. Soc. xvi, 1873, 59. — B. B. & E., N. A. B. 



iii, 1874, 231. 

 " iesUi, Licht. ; pileatus, juv. Kacp " (fide Gray'). 



b. gundlacM. 



Astur cooperi, Lbmb., Aves Isl. Cuba, 1850, 17. 



Nisus pileatus, Leme., Aves Isl. Cuba, 1850 ; Suppl. 



Astur pileatus, Gdndl., J. f. O. 1854, p. — . 



AccipUer gundlachi, Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii, 1860, 252.— Gdndl., Eep. 224. — Sci.. & 



Salv., Exot. Orn. i, 170. 

 Accipiter (Cooperastur) gutidlacM, Gkay', Hand-list, i, 1869, 33, No. 319. 



Hal). — Temperate North America, and southward. Var. gundlaclii, Cuba. 



Lieutenant TVarren's Expedition. — 5163, Fort Berthold ; 5164, White Earth Eiver, 

 Dakota ; 5165, mouth of the Yellowstone. 



Later Expeditions.— 60629, Uintah Mountains. 



As may be gathered from the above, the habitat assigned to Cooper's Hawk includes 

 that of the so-called Accipiter mexicanus. This last is a pure ingment, described by Mr. 

 Swaiason, who was apparently ignorant of A. cqoperi, and perpetuated mainly by Mr. 

 Cassin, whose authority has had weight in this instance with all American writers, 

 until quite recently. The most that can be claimed for the supposed viexicanns is, that 

 it consists of rather smaller and more heavily colored, because more southern, speci- 

 mens, of A. cooperi; but even in extreme oases, the difference is insufficient to warrant 

 retention of the name. Dr. Haydeu's specimens, originally referred to " mexicavus" 

 by Mr. Cassin, are no smaller than ordinary cooperi, and not otherwise perceptibly 

 different ; as in too many other cases, the identification, in all probability, was made 

 upon some supposed points of geographical distribution that were groundless. So far 

 as I know, the identity of mexicanus with cooperi was first published by Mr. Allen, 

 although others, mysell' among the number, had previously become convinced of the 

 fact. There is little to add to Mr. Allen's satisfactory exposition of the case. This 

 pretended species disposed of, we have in this country two species of Accipiter, identi- 

 cal in coloration, and nearly so in form, but instantly distinguished by the great dis- 

 parity in size — the difference being relatively as great as that subsisting between Pious 

 villosm and P. pubescus, and the two cases being precisely parallel. The largest females 

 of A.fuscus grade up closely toward the small males of cooperi, but there appears to be 

 a constant small gape between them, which, taking sex for sex,- is much greater. The 

 female fuscus is 12 to 14 long, the extent about 26, the wing 7 to 8, the tail 6 to 7 ; 

 the male cooperi is 16 to 18 long, about 30 in extent, the wing 9 to 10, the tail about 

 8. There is also a difference in the feet, those of fuscus being much slenderer, com- 

 paratively as well as absolutely, and relatively longer; the whole foot is not over SJ 

 long, while that of cooperi is at, least 4, generally more. In adult male fuscus the tar- 

 sal scutella frequently fuse, leaving a perfectly smooth shank — a state not observed 

 in cooperi. 



Notwithstanding the abundance of this Hawk in the (Jnited States, 

 its perfectly adult plumage is rarely noted, and in fact I have never seen - 

 a description I considered entirely satisfactory — that given in the /'e ^ ~ 

 " Key " is accurate, but, like most of my accounts, necessarily much caa _,, 

 abbreviated. The adult bird is not only bkiish-gray on the upper parts, n 



but has a decided shade of the same on the breast and sides. A fine 

 male I procured at Washington showed this very plainly ; yet it has 

 been supposed specifically distinctive of the Cuban variety. As usually 



