BUTEO BOEEALIS, EED-TAILED BUZZAED. 353 



Poecilopternis 'borealls, Kaup, Monog. Falo. Cont. Ofd. 1850, 76. 



Buteo ICraxirex) horealis, Gray, Hand-list i, 1869, 7, No. 46. 



Falco k-veiiamis, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 266.— Lath., lud. Orn. i, 1790, 18.— Daud., Tr. 



Oru. ii, 126.— Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii, 151.— WiLS. Am. Orn. vi, 1812, 78, pi. 52. 

 Falco jamaicenais, Gjt., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 266. 

 Falco aquilinm, Bartram, Trav. in Florida, 1791, 290. 

 Buteo feiruo'nnicaudus, Vieill., Ois. Am. Sept. i, 1807, 32.— Cuv., E. A. 2d ed. i, 337. 



b. caluriis. 



(??) Falco huteo, AuD., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 508, pi. 372 (not of Linnaeus ; uncertain ; more 



likely sicainsoni). 

 (??) Buteo vulgaris, AuD., Syn. 1839, 5 ; B. Am. i, 1840, 30, pi. 6 (not of authors ; same as 



Falco huteo, Auduhon). 

 Buteo swainsoni, Cass., 111. 1854, 98 (exclusive of the synonymy ; not of Bonaparte, nor 



of Casain, 1858). 

 BttUo ealurus, Cass,, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1855, 281.— Cass., B. N. A. 1858, 22.— Brew., N. A. 



Oiil. 1857, 32.— Bd., Mex. Bound. Surv. ii, 1859, pt. ii, Birds, p. 3.— Bd., P. E. E. 



Eep. X, 1859, pt. iii, p. 11, pi. 14.— CouBS, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 44.— Coop., B. 



Cal. i, 1870, 471.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 1870, 462. 

 Buteo montauus, Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1856, 39.— Cass., B. N. A. 1858, 26 (hut not of 



Xuttall, which is sioainsoni).- Brew., N. A. Oiil. 1857, 26.— Nbwb., P. E. E. Eep. 



vi, 1857, 75.— Bd., Mex. Bound. Surv. ii, 1859, pt. ii. Birds, p. 3.— Bd., P. E. E. 



Eep. X. 1859, pt. iii, 12.— Kekn., ibid. pt. iv, 19.— Hebrm., ihid. pi. vi, 32. — 



Coop. & Sock., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 147.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866,. 



43.— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 469.— Snow, B. Kans. 1873.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv.. 



Ter. 1870, 4G2.— Merr., ibid. 1S72, 697. 

 Buteo horealis of Gray, Beyaxt, and Aixex, partly. 

 Buteo horealis var. ealurus, Eidgw.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 286.— Coues, No. 351». 



c. lucasanus. 



Buteo horealis var. luoasatiua, Eidgw., Mss. — Cotjes, Key, 1872, 216 ; Check-Ust, 1874, 

 3511>.-B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 285. 



d. Tirideri. 



Buteo horealis var. hrideri, HooPES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1873, 238, pi. 5 (Iowa and Wiscon- 

 sin).— B. B. & E,, N. A. B. iii, 1874, 284.— Coues, Cheek-list, 1874, No. 351'^. 



e. costaricensis. 



Buteo horealis var. costaricenMs, Eidgw. — B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 258, 285 {"B. 

 horealis of Central America"). 



Sah. — The whole of North America. Mexico. Cuba. Jamaica. 



lAst of specimens. 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 5153, Yellowstone Eiver; 5158, Fort Randall, Da- 

 kota ; 5159, L'Eau-qui-court. 



Later Expeditions.— f,S9S,i, Berthoud's Pass ; 60628-29, Wyoming ; 60630, Uintah Moun- 

 tains {mslanotic) ; 62231, Idaho. 



Few of our hirds have caused more confusion among writers, or acquired a more in- 

 volved synonymy, than the Hawks of the genus Buteo. 



Setting aside lineaius and pennsylvanicus, as totally distinct from each other and from 

 the rest ; ignoring for the moment " harlani " and " cooperi," we will confine ourselves to 

 consideration of the two species, horealis, Gm., and swainsoni, Bp. These may he im- 

 mediately distinguished hy the emargination of four outer primaries in horealis, and 

 only three in sicainsoni. There are other points, aside from color, which varies so greatly 

 iu each. 



Borealis in all its variety of color is much the largest, the female averaging ahout 

 24 inches in length, with a stretch of wings over 50 inches ; it is very robust, with a 

 comparatively short wing, and short, stout legs. Iu the East it remains compara- 

 tively constan tin color, aside from the normal changes with age. In the West it runs 

 from a slightly darker, or more ferrugineous cast, into a quite fuliginous condition, the 

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