PEDICECETES PHASIANELLUS VAE. COLUMBIANUS. 407 



are entirely upon the surface, and consequently appear of the same color, 

 only varying in intensity according to tbe depth of the pigment depos- 

 ited. Tlie shell being entirely formed in an upper portion of the oviduct, 

 where there are no cells for the elaboration of special pigments, these 

 various colorations are never obscured by being overlaid with shell sub- 

 stance ; whereas in those cases where special coloring matter is early 

 laid down, during the formation of the shell, we have different sets of 

 spots, some in the shell, others on its surface, the former being those so 

 often conventionally described as "lilac," "lavender," &(;., but being in 

 reality the various browns and reds, like those of the surface, only over- 

 laid with the white or whitish calcareous substance. 



The young Sage Fowl shows features parallel with those of the young 

 Sharp-tailed, as might be expected from the affinity of the two. We 

 find the same sharp, white shaft-lines in various places on the upper 

 parts, and the same brown speckling of the plumage of the breast. We 

 find, at a very early age, indication of the future black abdominal area 

 in a dark brown patch on the belly. 



PEDICECETES PHASIANELLUS var. COLUMBIANUS, (Ord,) Cs. 

 Southern Sharp-tailed Grouse. 



a. pliasianelliis proper. 



Tetrao jj/iosiancHus, LiXN., Syst. Nat. i, lOtli ed. 1758, \f}^ {T. vrogallus B., pliasiancUus, 

 of 12tli ed. p. 273).— FoRST., Philos. Tr. Ixii, 1772, pp. 394, 495.— Gm., Syst. Nat. 

 i, 17cd, 747. — Lath., lud. Orn. ii, 1790, 635. — Sab., App. Frank. Journ. p. OdO. — 

 Bp., Aui. Orn. iii, 1828, 37 ; text of ^ from Arctic America, but not tbe plate. 



Tctrao (Ceiityocemis) phasianclliis, Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 361 (relates cbiefly to 

 the present, tbongb including tbe following variety). 



Pediocaetes jihasianellus, Elliot, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1862, 403 (not of United States writ- 

 ers).— M UK., Edinb. Journ. 1859.— Gkay, Cat. B. Br. Mns. v, 1867, 88.— D all 

 & Bank., Tr. Cbic. Acad, i, 1869, 287 (Yukon). 



Pediwcetes jiliatiiunelhis, CouES.Ke.v, 1872, 234.— B. B. AE., N. A.B. iii, 1874, 434, pi. 69, f. 3. 



Pcdioca'tes leimicotiii, SuCK., Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1861, p. 361. 



Zmtg-iailed Grouse ( Urogallus minor), Edv.^., iii, 117. 



Sharp-tailed Grouse, Pexn., Arct. Zool. ii, 306. 



b. columbianiis. 



Phasiamis columManus, Ord, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. 1815, 317 (based on Columbian 



Pheasant of Lewis and Clarl-e, ii, 180). 

 Pediocaetes columbianus, Elliot, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 403 ; Monog. Tetr. pi. — Hold.- 



AiKBN, Pr. Bost. Soc. XV, 1872, 208. 

 Pedicecetes columbianus, CoOP., B. Cal. i, 1870, 532. 

 Pedicecetes phasianellus var. columbianus, CouES, Key, 1872, 234. — Allen, Bull. JI. C. Z. 



iii, 1S72, 181.— B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 436, pi. 60, f. 1. 

 Tetrao phasianellus, OiiTi, Gnthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. 1815, 317? — Bp., Syn. 1823, 127 ; 



Am. Orn. iii, 1828, 37, pi. 19 (not description of g , ■which was from Arctic 



America).— NtiTT., Man. i, 1832, 669.— AuD., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 569, pi. 382 ; 



Syn. 1839, 205; B. Am. v, 1842, 110, pi. 298.— Newb., P. E. E. Kei>, vi, 18-57, 



94.— Maxui., J. f. O. vi, 1858, 435.— Twppe, Pr. E. Inst. 1871, 118 (Minnesota). 

 Pediocaetes phasianellus, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 626.— Coop. & Suck., N. I-I. Wash. Ter. 1860, 



223.— Lord, Pr. Roy. Arty. Inst, iv, 1864, 123.— S^now, B. Kaus. 1873.— Thippe, 



Pr. Bost. Soc. XV, 1872, 240. 

 Peclia'cetes phasianellus, Hayp., Rep. 1802, 172.— Mere., Rep. U. S. G. S. Ter. 1872, 699. 

 Telrao urophasianellus, DouGL., Tr. Linn. Soc. xvi, 1829, 136. 



Sab. — Of the northern variety, or true phasianeUus, the interior of British America, 

 east to Hudson's Bay, north and west to Fort Yukon, south nearly to the United States 

 boundary, where it shades iuto var. columbianus. The. latter inhabits tbe western por- 

 tions of Minnesota and Iowa, all of Dakota, thence diagonally across Nebraska 

 and Kansas to Colorado, thence in suitable districts across the country to the Sierra 

 Jfevada and Cascade Eanges. 



