431 



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ORTYX VIEGINIANUS, (Linn.) Bp. 

 Virginia Partridge, or Quail; Bob White. 



a. virginianus. 



Tetrao virginiar.us, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 277 (baaed on Perdix virqiniana, Gates., Car. 



i, 12, pi. 12; Beiss., Orn. i, 230).— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1786, 7{il. 

 Perdix rirginiana, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 650. — Wixs., Am. Orn. vi, 1812, 21, pi. 47.— 



Bp., Syn. 18'IS, 124 (subg. Orfi/x).— Dough., Cab. Kat. Hist, i, 1830, 37, pi. 4.— 



Bp., Journ. Pbila. Acad, iv, 18v!5, 368, No. 203.— Add., Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 388; 



V, 1839, 564 ; pi. 76.— Nott., Man. i, 1832, 646. 

 Ortyx virginianus, Jard., JStat. Lib. Birds, iv, 101, pi. 10. — Bp., List, 1838, 43. — AuD., 



Syn. 1839, 199 ; B. Am. v, 1842, 59, pi. 289.— Gould, Moncg. Odontophorinw, pi. 



1.— WOODH., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 94 (Indian Territory and Texas).— Bd., B. N. A. 



1858, 640.— Hayd., Rep. 1862, 173 (Missouri River to White River).— Ai.i.en, 



Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 352 (critical) ; iii, 1872, 181 (Kansas).— Trippe, Pr. Ess. 



Inst, vi, 1871, 118 (Minnesota) ; Pr. Bost. Soo. xv, 1872, 240 (Iowa).— Snow, B. 



Kans. 1873, 9, No. 197 (Eastern and Middle Kansas).— CoUES, Key, 1872, 236.— 



B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 468, pi. 63, f. 1, 2 ; and of authors generally. 

 Tetrao marilandicus, Linn., Syst. Nttt. i, 1766, 277 (based on Perdix novw anglice,Q^iSS.,^ 



i, 329).— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 761. 

 Perdix marilandica, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 650. 

 Tetrao minor, Bartr., Trav. in Fla. 1791, 2906i3. 

 Perdix iorealis, Vieili,., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ; Gal. ii, 44, pi. 214. 

 Ortijx horeaUs, Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi, 1819, 377. — Jaed. & Selby. 111. 

 Perdrix {Ortyx) mexicanus, Less., Tr. 507 (quotes Gm., and P. E. 149). 

 (?) Oriyx castameus, Gould, P. Z. S. x, 182 ; Monog. Odont. pi. 3 {melanotic f). 



b. texanus. 



Ortyx texanus, Lawe., Ann. Lye. N. Y. vi, 1853, 1.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 641 ; Mex. Bound. 



Surv. ii, 1859, pt. ii, p. 22, pi. 24. 

 Ortyx virginianus var. texanus, CoUES, Key, 1872, 237. — B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 474, 



pi. 63, f. 3, 4. 



c. floridanus. 



Ortyx virginianus var. fimidanus, CouES, Key, 1872, 237. — B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 522. 



d. cuhanensis. 



Ortyx cuhanensis, GouiD, Monog. Odont. pi. 2. — Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 514. 

 Ortyx virginiamis var. cuhanensis, B. B. & E., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 468. 



fla6.— Eastern United States. North to Massachusetts and slightly beyond ; Canada 

 West ; Minnesota. West to high central plains. Up the Missouri to White River 

 {Hayden). Salt Lake Valley, introduced {AXlen). Var. texanus in Texas. Var. fiori- 

 danus in Florida, and very similar sp^iciraens up the Mississippi Valley to Southern 

 Illinois {Bidgway). Introduced in Bahamas {Bryant) and Santa Cruz {iteioion). 



Lieutenant Warren's Expedition. — 4859, Iowa Point. 



Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



I find no record of the Quails in ISTew England beyond Massachusetts, 

 and it does not go much further north. In Minnesota it is abundant 

 in southern portions of the State, and appears to be spreading with 

 the advance of the settlements, like the Pinnated Grouse. I found no 

 indication of its presence along the Red River, or anywhere in Northern 

 Dakota. Along the Missouri River it is abundant upito Fort Randall, 

 where I have enjoyed as fine Quail shooting as I have found anywhere ; 

 and, according to Dr. Hayden, it has followed up the course of the river 

 to the White River. In this region, according to my observation, they 

 are strictly confined to the wooded and brushy portions of the river- 

 bottoms, which form an interrupted series of natural " preserves," in 

 every way adapted to the shelter of the bird, and the affording of a supply 

 of food. Even in this rigorous climate, where the thermometer falls 

 every winter to 20° or 30° below zero, the birds show no disposition to 

 migrate, and generally succeed in braving such severe cold, although I 

 have authentic information of instances in which a whole covey has 



