ORDEE (jIlALLAiOiljio I WADING BIRDS. 



SUBOEDEE LlMlCuLilj: SHOEE BIEDS. 



These two groups, represented by a great variety of forms, are sufficiently defined 

 for our present purposes in tlie Key, p. 239. The Limicolce, or Shore Birds (as distin- 

 guished from the other two groups of the order, Herodiones, or the Herons and their 

 allies, and Aleetorides, or the Cranes, Eails, and their allies), comprehend all kinds of 

 Plover, Snipe, Woodcock, and birds collectively known as " Bay Snipe," as well as 

 Phalaropes, Avocets, Stilts, Turnstones, and Oyster-catchers. 



Family CHARADRIID^ : Plover. 



Subfamily Ohaeadeun^ : True Plover. 



Besides the birds properly so called, several others are loosely designated as Plovers 

 by unscientific experts iu ornithology. The principal of these is the so-called "Upland 

 Plover," which is a true Tattler of the family Scolopacidw, its proper name being the 

 Bartramian Tattler (Aciiturus iartramius) — see under this head. Our true Plover may be 

 recognized by the shortness and stoutness of the bill, as compared with this member 

 iu the Scolopacidw, and especially by having only three toes. The only American excep- 

 tions to this last statement are the Black-bellied Plover, or Bull-head (Sqiiatarola 

 keh-etico), in which there is a rudimentary hind toe, and the curious Surf Bird of the 

 Pacific coast (Jphriza virgata), in which the hind toe is as well developed as is usual in 

 the Scolopacidce (where perhaps it belongs). The only three-toed American bird of the 

 family Scolopacidw is the Stilt (Himantopus nigricoUis). 



SQUATAROLA HELYBTIOA, (Linn.) Brehm. 

 Black-bellied Plover. 



Tringa kdvetica, Li>'x., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, "250 (based on Vanellus Tidrdicna of Bkiss., v, 

 108, pi. 10, f. 1).— FOEST., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 412 ; PI. Enlum. 853, 854, 923. 



Squatarola helvetica, Brehji, V. D. 554.— Bp., Comp. List, 1638, 46; K. & B., Wirb. 

 Eur. 207. — Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 543; and of most late authors.— Cass., Pr. 

 Phila. Acad. 1858, 195 (Japan) ; iUd. 1860, 195 (Carthagena).— Cab., J. f 0. iv, 

 1856, 423 (Cuba).— Bky., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 1859 (Bahamas).— Eeixh., Ibis, iii, 

 1861, 9 (Greenland).— Dbess., Ibis, 1866, 34 (Texas).— Salv., Ibis, 1866, 196 

 (Guatemala).— LiWR., Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix, 210 (Yucatan). — Pelz., Om. Braz. 

 iii, 296 (Brazil).— Bd, B. N. A. 1858, 697.— Coop. & Slcic, N. H. Wash. Ter. 

 1860, 232.— Dall & Banm., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 290.— CouES, Key, 1872, 243, 

 fig. 154.— Sxow, B. Kans. 1873, 10, Ko. 212 (Kansas).— G!;ay, Hand-list, iii, 

 1871, Nos. 9980, 9981.— Sh. & Dress., B. E. pt. vi, Aug. 1871. 



Vanellus helveticus, Vieill., Ency. Meth. iii, 1823, 1077. 



Charadrius helveticus, LiCHT., Verzeich. 1823, No. 728.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 298, No. 221.— 

 NUTT., Man. ii, 1834, 26.— AUD., Om. Biog. iv, 1838, 280, pi. 334 ; Syn. 1839, 

 221 ; B. Am. v, 1842, 199, pi. 315.— Kjjshb., Naum. 1850, 6. 



Charadrius {Squatarola) helvetica, ElDGW., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 3-'3. 



Tringa varia, LiNJJ., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 252 (based on Vanellus varius, Beiss., v, 103). 



Charadrius varius, FlNSCH & Hautl., Vog. Ost. Afr. 1871, 644. 



Pluvialis varius, Schl., Mus. P.-B., Cut-sores, 1865, .53.— Deal. & Geebe, O. E. 1867, 127. 



Tringa squatarola, Lixx., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 252 (based on Pluvialis cinerea of various 

 authors, and Vanellus griseus of Beiss., v, 100, pi. 9, f. 1). 



Pluvialis squatarola, Macgil., Man. N. H. Orn. ii, 48; Hist. Br. B. iv, 1852, 86. 



Charadrius squatarola, Na€M., Yog. Deutschl. vii, 1834, 265, pi. 178. 



Vanellus squatarola. Sckl., Eev. Crit. 1864, 84. 



Squatarola cinerea, Flejiimg, Br. Anim., 1828, 111. — Eyt., Cat. Br. B. 34. 



Charadrius hypomelanus, Pall., Eeise, iii, 1773, 699; Zoog. E.-A. ii, 1811, 138, pi. 59. 



Charadrius pardela. Pall,, Zoog. E.-A. ii, 1811, 142. 



Squatarola grisea. Leach, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 1816, 29.— Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi, p. 505. 



Vanellus griseus, Jenyis'S, Man. Br. Vert. 181. 



