490 TEINGA CANUTUS, EED-BEEASTED SANDPIPER. 



b. americana. 



Tringa alpina, Wils., Am. Orn. vii, 1813, 25, pi. 56, f. 2.— OnD, ed. Wils. iii, 1829, 126.— 



Brew., ed. Wils. 1840, 475, fig. 220.— Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825; Syn. 182«, 317.— .S\v. 



& Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 383.— \utt., Man. ii, le34, 106.— AoD., Orn. Biog. 



iii, 1835, 580, pi. 290 ; Syn. 1839, 234 ; B. Am. v, 1842, 266, pi. 332.— Gut., B. L. 



I. 1S44, a^ri.— Xewb., p. E. E. Eep. vi, 1857, 100.— Putn., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 



217.— WiiE.^T., Ohio Agric. Eep. 1860, No. 2U7. 

 Tringa (Scltaniclus) alpina var. americana, CaSS., Baiid's B. N. A. 1858, 719. 

 Tringa (Pelidna) alpina var. americana, ElDGW., Ann. Lye. X. Y. x, 1874, .384. 

 Tringa alpina var. americana, CoOP. & SuCK., X. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 239.— TuKNB., B. 



E. Pa. 1869, .30.— CouES, Key, 1872, 2.56, fig. 166.— Sxow, B. Kans. 187;!, 10. 

 Pelidna alpina var. americana, Ai.u;n, Bull. II. C. Z. iii, 1872, 182. — Dall & Bans., Tr. 



Chic. Acad, i, l^iiiy, 291. 

 Pelidna americana, CuuES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 18^.— Vekr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 



159. — Allex, ibid, iv, 1864, 77. — Coues, ibid, v, 1868, 294. — Bo.ujdm., Pr. Best. 



Soc. ix, 1862, 128.— Lawk., Ann. Lvc. viii, 1866, 294.— CouES, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 



1868, 122.— CoUES, Pr. Phila. Acad.' 1871, 30.— Mayx., Guide, 1870, 140.— Allen, 



Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 355. 

 Tringa variabilis. Sab., Suppl. Parry's 1st Voy. p. cc. — Sab., Frankl. Journ. 686. — EiCH., 



Parry's 2d Voy. 353. 

 Tringa cincliis, Wils., Am Oru. vii, 1813. 39, pi. 57, f. 3.— Oi!D, ed. Wils. iii, 1829, 138.— 



Bkkw., ed. Wils. 1840, 484, fig. 225.— DeKat, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 84, fig. 292. 

 Pelidna cinclus, Bp., Li.'^t, lr:o8, 50. 

 Pelidna pacifica, CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 189 (in text). 



Hab. — ^North America, especially coastwise. Migratory and wintering in the 

 Uiiited States. Breeding in high latitudes only. 

 X'ot noticed by either of the Expeditions. 



The Dunlin has only been observed by Mr. Allen, so far as I am aware, 

 in the Missouri region, he finding it near Leavenworth. Like the pre- 

 ceding and following species, it is especially a coast bird, uiigratiug in 

 abundance along both our shores in spring and fall, when it occurs often 

 in large flocks. I found them very plentiful along the Carolina coast in 

 April and May, and in October. Some of them obtain a perfect dress 

 before leaving in the spring, although they have far to go before 

 reaching their breeding grounds. These are only in high boreal regions, 

 as along the Arctic coast and the Yukon Eiver region. The vernal 

 change begins early in April, during the migration; in the fall many 

 retain the summer plumage until they reach the Southern States, though 

 most come in plain gray attire. 



TRIXGA CANUTUS, Linn. 



Eetl-breasted Sandpiper; Bobin Snipe; Knot. 



Tringa canutus, Lixx., Svst. X'^at. i, 1766, 251.— G^r., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 679.— Lath., Ind. 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 738.— Beunu., Orn. Bor., 1764, Xo. 182.— Pall., Zoog. E.-A. ii, 

 1811, 197.— ViEiLL , Xouv. Diet. d'Hist. Xat. xxxiv, 1819.— Temm., Mau. Orn. 

 ii, 1820, 627.— Flem., Bnt. An 109.— Jex., il;m., 1835,213.— Eyt., Cat. Br. B.rds, 

 41.— Keys. &. Blas., Wirb. Eur. 76.— Bp., List, 1838, 49.— SCHixz, Eur. Fn. i, 

 1840, 326.— M.VCGIL., Man. Br. Birds, ii, 1842, 67.— DeKay, X. Y. Zool. ii. 1844, 

 243, pi. 85, fig. 194; pi. 97, fig. 218.— Schl., Eev. Crit. Ois. Eur. 1844, 88.— Guay, 

 Gen. iii, 1849, .579.— Degl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 219.— Bp., Cat. Met. 1842, 61 ; Eev. 

 Crit. IriiO, 185.— Mey., Br. B. v, 1857, 67.— X.«M., Yog. pi. 183.— Gould, B. Eur. 

 pi. 324.— Schl., M. P.-B. Scolop. p. 29.— Cass., B. X. A. 1858, 715.— Coles, Pr. 

 Phila. Acad., 1861, 180, and 229.- Wheat., Ohio Agric. Eep., 1860, Xo. 205.— 

 BoARDM., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 128.— Veisr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 159.— 

 Allex, ibid. iv,. 1864, 83.— Coles, ibid, v, 1868, 293.— MoIlwu., ibid, v, 1866, 93.— 

 L.iWR., Ann. Lye. X. Y. viii, 1863, 294.— M.iYX., Guide, 1870, 140.— Coues, Pr. 

 Bost. Soc. xli, 1868, 122.— Dali, & Baxx., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, l8S'J, 291.— CouES, 

 Key, 1872, 256. — Sxow, B. Kans. Ia73, 10 (Kansas, common).— EiDGW., Ann. 

 Lye. X"". Y. X, 1874, 384 (Illinois). 



Tringa cinerea, Butjxx., Orn. Bor. 1764, 53.— 6m., Syst. Xat. i, 1788, 673.— Lath.. Ind. 

 Orn. ii, 1790. 733.— Wils., Am. Orn. vii, 1813, 36, pi. 57, f. 2.— BoiE, Isis, 1822, 

 560.- -Oed, ed. Wils. iii, 1:29, 142.— Brew., ed. Wils., 1840, 482, fig. 224 ; Syn. 



