549 



Inst, iii, 1862, 159 (Maine, winter, rare).— Allen, iUd. iv, 1864, 87.— McIlwr., 

 ibid. V, 1866, 94 (Canada "West, frequent).— Codes, ibid, v, 1868, 297.— Tuippe, 

 ibid, vi, 1871, 119 (Minnesota, common).— Swln'H., P. Z. S. 1863, 323 (Cliina).— 

 Dress., Ibis, 1866, 41 (Texas).— Lawr., Ann. Lyo. N. Y. viii, 1866, 295.— Coues, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 98 (Arizona, common).— CoUES, Pr. Bost. Soo. sii, 1868, 123 

 (Soutli Carolina).— Brown, Ibis, 1868, 425.— Turnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 34 (lutber 

 rare).— D all & Bann., Tr. Cliic. Acad, i, 1869, 294 (Alaslia, breeding).— Banx., 

 Pr. Phil. Acad. 1870, 131.- Mayx., Guide, 1870, 147.— Alli:x, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 

 1872, 183 (Utah).— Trippb, Pr. Bost. Soc. x\-, 1872, 241 (Iowa, migratory, com- 

 mon ).—Couss, Key, 1872, 282.— Snow, B. Kaus. 1873, 11,— Ridgw^, Am, Nat. 

 Yiii, Feb. 18M (semi-domestic).— RiDGW., Ann. Lye. N.Y.x, 1874, 388 (Illinois). 



Anas Tiyperboi-eus, Gil, Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 504.— L.vth., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 837.— WlL,-,,, 

 Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 76, pi. 68, f. 3.— Eicii., App. Parry's 2nd Voy. 365.— Tejlm., 

 Man. 1835, 816. 



Often Jimerhoreus, BoiB, Isis, 1832, 563; 1826, 981.— Bp., List, 1838, 55; Compt. Eend. 

 Sept. 1856.— GosSE, B. Jam. 1847, 408.— Blas,, List, 1862, 20 (Europe).— Gundl., 

 Cat, Aves Cuban. 1866, 387.— bEGL.-GERBE, Orn. Eur. ii, 1867, 493. 



Chionoclieii hyperborea, Eeich., Syst. Av. 1>'52, 9. 



Anas nivalis, Forst., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 413. 



Anser uiveus, Briss., Orn. vi, 288.— Brehji, Eur. Vog. 1823, 766. 



Tadorna nivea, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 854. 



White Brant, Lawson, Car. 147. — Lewis & Clarke, ii, 58. 



Snow Goose, Penn., Arct. Zool. ii, No. 479.— Lath., Gen. Syn. vi, 445. 



b. alhatus. 



Anser alhatus, Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1856, 41 ; 1861, 73.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 925.— 

 TCRXB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 45 (casual). -Sadnd., P. Z. S. 1872, 519 (Ireland).— 

 Hart,, Br. Birds, 1872, 155 (same instance). 



C/jen albatus, Elliot, B. Am. ii, pi. 42. 



Anser hi/2)erboreus var. albatus, CouES, Key, 1872, 282. 



Bai. — The whole of North America. Breeds in high latitudes, migrating and winter- 

 ing in the United States ; abundant in the interior and along the Pacific coast, rare on 

 the Atlantic. Greenland, transient. Cuba. Rare or casual in Europe (Nauji,, V. D. 

 xi, 221, pi. 284 ; GoULD, B. Eur. pi. 346). 



On the question of the relationships of the lesser Snow Goose, var. albatus, there is 

 little to be noted beyond the fact of smaller size on an average. The variety appears 

 to bear much the same relationship to hyperboreus that Branta hutcMnsii does to cana- 

 densis. Measurements of a jjair lately taken in Wexford, Ireland, as given bj' Mr. 

 Howard Saunders : 2f to 3 for tarsus, and 2 to 2J for bill. 



Dispersed over all of North America, the Snow Goose is nowhere a 

 permanent resident; its migrations are extensive, and performed with 

 the utmost regularity; the maximum variation, depending- upon the 

 advance or retardation of the season — less strictly speaking, upon the 

 weather — is slight. It is never seen in the United States in summer, 

 for it returns to high latitudes to breed. Along the Atlantic coast, and 

 indeed through the whole Eastern Province, it may be called rare, at 

 least in comparison with its great abundance in various parts of the 

 West. Those found in Texas, and anywhere about the Gulf of Mexico, 

 undoubtedly migrate inland, following tlie course of the larger rivers ; 

 while those that pass along the Atlantic seaboard generally hug the 

 coast, and are hardly to be met with beyond maritime districts. In 

 Arizona, this Goose is abundant in the winter; it arrives at the Colorado 

 Basin in October, with hordes of other water-fowl, and remains until 

 spring opens. Some disperse over all the permanent waters of the 

 Territory, but these are few in number compared with the assemblages 

 on the Colorado. Thus I saw some, and took one, in October, on the San 

 Francisco Eiver, not far from Fort Whipple; on the Mojave River, in 

 California, the same month of the following year, I met with great 

 numbers, in some reedy lagoons. Though they could not have been 

 much molested there, they were shy, and none would have been pro- 

 cured were it not that the nature of the locality offered good opportuni- 

 ties of unseen approach. On the Pacific coast itself, particularly that 



