'574 FULIGULA COliLAEIS, RING-NECKED DUCK. 



Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 129.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 363 (includes the pre- 

 ceding).— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 148.— CouBS, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1871, 37.— Aiken, 

 Pr. Boat. Soc. xv, lt^72, 210.— Snow, B. Kaas. 1873, 11. 



FuliguJa mariloides, ViG., Zool. Voy. Blossom, 1839, 31. 



Fuligula minor, GiK., B. L. I. 1844, 323.— Bell, Pr. Phila. Acad, i, 1842, 141. 



Sab.— The, whole of North America, and south to Guatemala in winter. Breeds in 

 high latitudes and southward at least to the United States border. Part of the West 

 Indies. 



Not obtained by the Expeditions. 



Authors are at variance concerning the relationship of the bird to the 

 preceding, and the question is not yet settled. For myself, I am rather 

 inclined to keep the two apart, notwithstanding their very close resem- 

 blance, and admitting the probability that intermediate examples may 

 be Ibund. There appears to be something different in their range, the 

 F. offinis being the more southerly. Not that it does not, in the breed- 

 ing season, reach as high latitudes as the other, but that its autumnal 

 movement is pushed to the West Indies and Central America, where 

 the true F. marila is not recorded as occurring. It is imi>robable that 

 two varieties, if they be really such, should preserve this difference. 

 Good observers have also noted some differences in habits and resorts, 

 and gunners, practically very familiar with both birds, recognize a dis- 

 tinction. The Lesser Black head seems to be more generally distributed 

 in the interior of the United States than the other, and probably most 

 of the "Scaups" from such regions are of this kind. All of the 

 numerous Scaups that I found breeding along the Upper Missouri and 

 Milk Eiver appeared to be of this species, as were the several specimens 

 examined. In some places they seemed more abundant than any other 

 species, and they were the principal reijresentatives of the Fuligulince, 

 the Buffle-head itself' not excepted. 



FULIGULA COLLARIS, (Doiiov.) Bp, 

 Ring-necked Buck. 



Anai collaris, DoNOV., Br. Birds, vi, pi. 147 (England). 



Fuligula collaris, Bp., List Eur. Birds, 1842.— Gkay, List B. Br. Mus. 1844, 142; Gen. of 

 B. iii, 1849, 621; List Br. B, 1863, 199.- Blas., List B. Eur. 1862, 21 (England; 

 quotes De Selys, Mem. Liege, iv, 9). — Schl., M. P. B. viii, 1865, 26. — Dbgl.- 

 Gerbe, Om. Eur. 1867, 535.— Tubnb., B. E. Pa. 1869, 36.— Coues, Key, 1872, 2«9. 



Fulix collaris, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 792 ; Mex. Bound. Surv. 1859, Birds, 27.— Bry., Pr. 

 Bost. Soc. vii, 18.59 (Bahamas). — Ross, Canad. Nat. 1862. — Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 iii, 1862, 153.— CouES, ihld. v, 1868, 299.— Salv., Ibis, ii, 1860, 277 (Guatemala).— 

 Dress., ibid. 1866, 43 (Texas).— Blak., iUd. 1863, 14^.- Brown, ibid. 1868, 420.— 

 GuNDL., Av. Cub. 1866, 390.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Snrv. Ter. 1870, 466.— Aiken, Pr. 

 Bost. Soc. XV, 1872, 210 (Colorado). — Trippe, ibid. 241 (Iowa).— Snow, B. Kans. 

 1873, 11 ; and of most United States writers. 



Marila collaris, Bp., Comptes Eendus, 1856, 651. 



^nfl«/«Hi7afe, WiLS., Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 66, pi. 67, f. 5 (not of iinnojus).— Temm., Man. 

 ii, 1835, 873 ; iv, 1840, 549. 



Anas (Fuligula) rufitorques, Bp., Joum. Phila. Acad, iii, 1824, 381. 



Anas rvfitorques, Ord, <iA. Wils. viii, 1825, 61.— ScHL.. Rev. Crit. 1844, 119. 



■Fuligula rufitorques, Bp., Syn. 1828, 393; List, 1838, 58.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 

 1831, 454.— NuTT., Man. ii, 1834, 439.— Aor>., Orn. Biog. iii, 183.'i, 259, pi. 234 ; 

 Syn. 1839, 287; B. Am. vl, 1843, 320, pi. 398.— Eyt., Moo. Anat. 1838, 158.— Gib., 

 B. L. I. 1844, 324.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. 1844, 325.— GosSE, B. .Jam. 1847, 408.— 

 Lbmb., Av. Cub. 1850, 117.— Cass., Orn. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1858, 343.— Maxim., 

 J.f.O.] 8.59, 176. 



Hah. — The whole of North America, breeding far north, wintering in the United 

 States and beyond. South to Guatemala. Cuba. Jamaica. Accidental in Europe. 

 Not obtained by either of the earlier Expeditions. 

 Latei- Ex})edHions.^-6lllt5, Green R;\!;r, Wyoming. 



