PULIGULA VALLISSEKIA, CAXVAS-BACK DUCK. 575 



FULIGULA FEEIXA var. AMEEICAXA. (Evt.) Coaes. 

 American Pochard; Bed-bead. 



Anasferina, "WiLS., Am. Om. \'iii, ISU, flO, pi. 70, f. 6.— DoUGH., Cab. X. H. ii, l-o2. 



40. (Not of Earopean writers.) 

 Ana-i {FitUgiila) ferina. Bp.. Obs. Wils. 1^-25, Xo. 270. 

 FuUgula terina, Bp., Svu. l^•2:^, oM.— S>w. .S: KiCH.. F. B. A. ii. lr.31, 452.— Xrn., Man. 



ii, 1834. 434.— ACT>., Oni. Biog. iv, lc3-, 19- : pi. 3-^2 : Svu. 1-31', '2^7 ; B. Am. vi, 



l-a, 3il, pi. 396.— GiR., B. L. I. 1-44, 3-iO. 

 Xi/roca ferina, WoODH., Sitgr. Kep. 1-53, 104. 

 Aylhi/a ferina var. americana, Allen, Boll. M. C. Z. iii, 1S7-2, 1S3. 

 Fiiligiila ferina var. americana. CocES, Key. Ir72. 2-9. 



Aythija eri/throcephala, Bp., List. 1?3-. o-. — Xewu.. P. R. E. Eep. vi, 1557. 103. 

 Xyroca erythrocephala. HiKRii., P. E. E. Eep. x, 1659, pt. vi, 70. 

 FuUgula americana, T.YT., Monog. Anat. ]-3r. 155. — GosSE. B. Jam. 1547. — ^TcKSB., B. 



E. Pa. l!ro9, 36.— MAxmi., J. f. O. vii, 1-59, 175. 

 Sgroca americana. Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849. 

 Aijthya americana, Bp., Comptes Eendus, 1-50.— Bp.. B. N'. A. 18.58. 793 : and of most late 



United States writers. 



Hab. — Whole of North America, bnt more particularly Eastern North America. 

 Breeds in the Fur Countries. Bahamas {Brgant). 



List of specimens. 



19-21- 



35 Otter Creek : Mar. -27,1-00 F. Y. Hayden. -20.00 i 31.50 7.50 



Not obtained by Lieutenant Warren's Expedition, nor by the later ones. 



FULIGULA TALLISXEEIA, (Wik.) Steph. 

 Canyas-liack Duck. 



Anas vallisneria, Wils,, Am. Om. viii, 1814, 103, pL 7. f. 3. — DoroH., Cab, N. H. ii, 

 153-2, 36, pi. 4, 



Fuligula rallisneria, Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. pt. ii, l-"24, 196. — Bp., Svn. 1-^-2-', 

 3!;i-2.— Sw. & ElCH, F. B. A. ii, 1-31, 451.— Nutt.. Man. ii. 1-34. 43u.— E^-r., Mod. 

 Anat. 1535.— AUD..Om. Biog. iv,lr35.1: pi. oMl: Svn. 1539. ■255: B. Am.vi,l-43, 

 299, pL 395.— GiR., B. L. I. 1544. 315.— DeKay, N. Y. ZooLii, lr44. 3-21.— ScHL.. 

 M. P.-B. -s-iii, 1S»J5, 25.— TciiSB. B. E. Pa. 15!.9, :;o.— Coles. Key, 1-72. 290. 



Aythja rallisneria. Bote, Isis. 1-2:;. 9-0. — Bp., List. 153-. 5- : Compt. E«nd. 1556. 651. — 

 Newb., p. E. E. Eep.. vi. 1857. 103.— Bd., B. N. A. 1-55. 794 —Coop, i S( CK., 

 N. H. AYash. Ter. 1-60. ■2.55.— Eoss. Canad. Nat. Apr. 15ir2.— Blak.. Ibis, 1- :2. 

 10; 1563. 14^.- Dress., Ibis. 1566. 43 (Texas,).— Salv., ibid. 1886, 19^ (Guate- 

 mala).— Bkowx. Ibis. 1-^65, 426.— Dale i Ba>n., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1;69, 295 

 (Alaska), — Aiken, Pr. Bost. See. x\-, 1872. 210. — Sxow, B. Kans. 1-73, 11 ; and 

 of most late writers. v 



Xgroca rallisneria. Gray. List B. Br. Mns. 1544. 43 : Gen. of B. iii, 1549. 621. — WOODH., 

 Sitgr. Eep. 1.-53. 104.— Heeem., P. E. E. Eep. x, l-!59, pt. vi, 70. 



Aristonetia rallisneria, Bd., B. N. A. 156-r, 793 (in text). 



Anas ralliinieriana, Sabixe, App. Fraukl. Jour. bJ9. 



Hab. — The whole of North America. Breeds from the Northern States northward. 

 Winters from the Middle States southward to Guatemala. 

 Not procured by the Expeditions. 



Some persons experience difficiiltj" in discriminating between the 

 Canvas- back and Eed-head, but there is no occasion for this, at least 

 in the case of males. In the Eed-head, the whole head is clear chest- 

 nut-red, with copperj- or bronzy reflections, and the bill is clear pale 

 grayish- bine, with a dark tip. In the Canvas-back, nearly aU the head 

 is obscured with blackish-brown, and the bill is dusky throughout. 

 There is also a marked difference in the shape of the head and bill : in 

 the Eed-head, the head is pnffy and globose, sloping abrux)tly down to 

 the base of the bill; in the Canvas-back, the head is longer and nar- 

 rower, and slopes gradually down to the bill, which rises high ou the 



