BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA, BUFFLE-HEAD. 577 



BCrCEPHALA ISLANDIOA, (Gm.) Bd. 

 Barrow's Golden-eye; Rocliy Mountain Carrot. 



Anas islandica, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 541. — Lath., lud. Orn. ii, 1790, 871. — Vibill., 



NouT. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. v, 1816, 121; Enc. Metb. i, 1823, 133.— Naum., V. D. 



xii, 1842, 186, pi. 317. 

 Clangula islandica, Bp., List B. Eur. 1842 ; Compt. Eend. 1856, 651.— Gray, Li.st B. Br. 



Mus. 1844, 145 ; Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 623.— Reinh., Ibi8,iii, 1861,14 (Greenland, 



breeding). — Degl.-Gerbe, Orn. Eur. 18B7, 544. 

 Bucephdla islandica, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 796.— Elliot, Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii, Jan. 1862 



(critical); B. N. A. ii, pi. 46.— Boajidm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 129 (JIaine).— 



Bl,\k, Ibis, 1863, 148.— CotTES, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1868, 300 (New England).— D all 



& Bakn., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 298 (Sitka and tbe Yukon).- CouES, Key, 290. 

 Fidigula islandica, Schl., M. P.-B. viii, 1865, 121. — FixscH, Abb. Nat. iii, 1872 (Alaska). 

 Clangula Mrrovil, S\v. «& EiCH., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 456, pi. 70.— Sw., An. in Menag. 1838, 



271.— Bp., List. 1838, 58.— Eyt., Mou. Anat. 1838, 165. 

 Fuligula ftan-ouji, Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 444. — Selys-L., Fn. Bolg. 1842, 146. — Degl., Orn. 



Eur. ii, 1S49, 446.— Pkeybh, Eeise, 1862, 409.— Bree, B. Eur. iv, 1863, 164. 

 Clangula scapularis , Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 931. 

 Fuligula clangula, var., AuD., Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 105, pi. 403 ; Syn. 1839, 292 (in part); 



B. a. Tii, 1843, 362 (in part ; describes tbe species as supposed summer plumage 



of B. clangnla). 



Sab. — North America, northerly ; south to New York and Utah. Greenland. Ice- 

 land. Europe (Gould, B. E. pi. 380 ; Nadm., pi. 317). Probably breeds in the Rooky 

 Mountains of the United States. 



Not procured by the Expeditions. 



Barrow's Golden-eye, upon which some doubt has been cast by my- 

 self, among others, appears, nevertheless, to be a valid species; the 

 differences pointed out in the Key, and in other works above cited, being 

 apparently constant as well as appreciable, and there being, moreover, 

 certain anatomical peculiarities in the form of the skull, of which I have 

 only lately become aware. Originally described in 1788, and subse- 

 quently renamed and figured in 1831, the species was ignored by Audu- 

 bon, who mistook it for the summer plumage of the common Golden- 

 eye. It is the most northerly species of the genus, having apparently 

 a circumpolar distribution, breeding only (?) in high latitudes, and pene- 

 trating but a limited distance south in winter. Its claim to a place in 

 the present connection rests upon its occurrence in the Eocky Moun- 

 tains, and as far south as Utah, where it was lately procured by Mr. H. 

 W. Henshaw. On the Eastern Coast it occurs as far south, in winter, 

 as Xew York. 



BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA, (Linn.) Bd. 

 Bnffle-head ; Butter-ball ; Dipper ; Spirit Duck. 



Anas albeola, Linx., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 199.-Foest., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 383, 416.— 

 Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 517.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 866.— WiLS., Am. Orn. 

 viii, 1814, 51, pl. 62, f. 2, 3.— Schl., Rev. Crit. 1844, 119. 



Fuligula albeola, Bp., Syn. 1828, 394.— Nutt., Miin. ii, 1834, 445.— AuD., Orn. Bio"-. iv, 

 1838, 217 ; pl. 225 ; Syn. 1839, 293 ; B. Am. vi, 1843, 369, pl. 408.— Giif., B. L. I. 

 1844, 335— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 329.— Schl., M. Pays-Bas, viii, 1865, 22. 



Clangula albeola, Steph., Gen. Zool. xii, pt. ii, 1824, 184.— BoiE, Isis, 1836, 980. — Sw. & 

 ElCH.,F. B. A. ii, 1831, 458.— Jen., Man. 1835, 246.— Eyt., Mon. Anat. 1^38, 164.— 

 Bp.,List, 1838, 58.— ViCt., Zool. Beech. Voy. \>^?,9, 32.— Gray, List B. Br. Mus. 

 1844, 144 ; Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 622; List Br. B. 1863, 203.— Bd., Stansbury's Rep. 

 1852, 324.— Newb., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 18.57, 104.— MuRR., Ed. N. Phil. Journ. 1859, 

 230.— Heerm., p. R. R. Rep. x, 1859, pt. vi, 70.— Reinh., Ibis, 1861, 14.— Degl.- 

 Geebe, Orn. Eur. ii, 1867, 545.— Newt., P. Z. S. 1871, 57 (egg). —Hart., JIan. 

 Br. Birds, 1872, 161 (Great Britain). 



Buoepliala albeola, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 797.— Coop. & SucK., N. H. "Wash. Ter. 1860, 

 259.— Dress., Ibis, 1866, 44 (Texas).— Coues, Pr. Phila. Ac. 1866, 99 (Arizona).— 

 Dall A; Bann., Tr. Cbic. Acad, i, 1869, 298 (Alaska, breeding).— Stey., U. S. 

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