582 CEDEMIA PEESPICILLATA, SURF DUCK. 



Oidemiafusca,'S'\MM., Phil, of Zool. ii, 1823, 260.— Steph., Gen. Zool. xii, xtt. ii, 216.— 

 Flem., Br. An. 1828, 119.— Jbn., Man. 1835, 239.— Bp., List, 1838, 57.— Eyt., 

 Cat. Br. B. 5h.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Ear. 1840, 86.— Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 

 180.— Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 625 ; List Br. B. 1863, 206. 



^ims/dZii/mosa, Bechst., Naturg. iv, 962, pi. 36. 



Anas carlo, Paix., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 244. 



Melanitta hornschuchii, megapus, platyrliynchus, Brehm, V. D. 904, 906, 907. 



1>.(?) velvetina. 



Anas fu8ca, WiL8., Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 137, pi. 72. 



Anas (Fuligula) fusca, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 266. 



Fitligula {Oidemia) fusca, Bp., Syn. 1828, 390.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 419. 



Oidemia fusca, Sw. & Rich., ii, 1831, 449.— Turnb.. B. E. Pa. 1869, 37.— CouES, Key, 294. 



Fuligula fuaca, AuD., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 454, pi. 247 ; Syn. 1839, 280; B. Am. vi, 1843, 



332, pi. 401.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, — .— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 328. 

 Fuligula Umaculata, Herbert, Field Sports, 2tl ed. ii, 1848, 366, fig. — (immature). 

 Oidemia (Pelionetta) bimaculata, Be, B. N. A. 1858, 808. 



Oidemia velvetina, Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad, t, 1850, 126.— Finsch, Abb. Nat. iii, 1872, 68. 

 Melanetta velvetina, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 805.— Coop. & Suck., N. II. Wasb. Ter. 1860, 



262.— CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 239.— Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860, No. 



258 (Lake Erie).— Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 153.— Boaedm., Pr. Bost. Soc. 



ix, 1862, 130.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 297.— Cooes, Pr. Ess.' Inst, v, 



1868, 200.— Codes, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 125.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad. 



1869, 300.— RiDGW., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 390 (Lake Michigan). 

 Oidemia deglandii, Bp., Rev. Crit. Degland, 1850, 108 ; Compt. Rend. 1854. 

 Melanetta deglandii, Bp., Compt. Rend. Sept. 1856. 



flai.^^Europe and America, chiefly maritime, but also on the inland waters. The 

 assigned characters of the American bird are very slight, certainly not warranting spe- 

 cific distinction, and scarcely affording grounds lor varietal recognition. 



CEdemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 



a. perspicillata. 



Anas perspicillata, Lixx., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 201.— Forst., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772, 417.— 

 Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 17S8, 524.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 847.— Wils., Am. Orn. 

 viii, 1814, 49, pi. 67.— Temm., Man. Orn. ii, 1835, 853; iv, 1840, 542.— Vibill., 

 Ency. Meth. i, 1823, 138.— Naum., V. D. xii, 1844, 140, pi. 314.— ScHi.., Rev. Crit. 

 Ois. Eur. 1844, 117. 



Anas {Fuligula) perspicillata, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 265. 



Anas (ilacrorhamplms) perspicillata, Less., Man. ii, 1828, 414. 



Fuligula (Oidemia) perspidllaia, Bp., Syn. 1828, 389.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 416. 



Melanitta perspicillata, Boie, Isis, 1822, 564. — Eyt., Mon. Anat. 1838, 146. 



Platypus perspicillatus, Brehm, Eur. Vog. 1823, 823. 



Oidemia xwrspidllata, Stkph., Gen. Zool. xii, pt. ii, 1824, 219. — Flem., Br. An. 1828, 

 119.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii. 1H31, 449.— Jen., Man. IH?,^, 240.— Sw., Classif. 

 B. ii, 1837, 368.— Bp., List, 1838, 57.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 86.— 

 Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 181.— Gray, List B, Br. Mus. 1844, 141 ; Gen. of B. iii, 

 1849, 625 ; List Br. B. 1663, 207.— GosSB, B. Jam. 1847, 408.— Newb., P. R. R. 

 Rep. vi, 1857, 104.— Cass., Orn. U. S. Expl. Exp. 1858, 344.— Mdrr., Edinb. N. 

 Phil. Joum. 1859, 230.— Reinh., Ibis, 1861, 14.— Degl.-Gerbb, Orn. Eur. 1867, 

 563.— ToRNB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 37.— Newt., P. Z. S. 1867, 167 (egg).— Coues, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1871, 27.— Hart., Br. B. 1872, 162 (Great Britain, many in- 

 stances). — COUBS, Key, 1872, 294. 



Pelionetta perspicillata, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Em. Thierw. 1829, 107. — Reich., Syst. Av. 1852, 

 X.— Bp., Compt. Rend. Sept. 18.^6.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 806.— Coop. & Suck., N. 

 H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 262.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 239; Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 

 1868, 200 ; Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 125.— Ross, Canad. Nat. 1862.— Verr., Pr. 

 Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 153.— BoARDM., Pr. Bost. Soc. Ix, 1862, 130.— Blak., Ibis, 

 1863, 149.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 297.- Brown, Ibis, 1868, 426.— 

 Dall & Baxx., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 300. 



Fuligula perspicillata, AuD., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 161, pi. 317 ; Syn. 1839, 289 ; B. Am. vi, 

 1843, 337, pi. 402.— Selys-L., Fn. Belg. i, 1842, 143.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 

 335.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 329.— Degl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 474. 



b. troivhridgei. 



Pelionetta trou'lrridgii, Bd., B. N. A. 1858, '806.— Elliot, B. N. A. pi. — . 

 Oidemia perspicillata var. trotvbridgei, Coues, Key, 1872, 295. 



ITab. — North America, coastwise. Jamaica. Europe, rare: Gould, B. Eur. pi. 377 ; 

 EoDD, Zool. 1865, p. 9794. Var. trotvbridgei on the coast of California. 



