ORDER STEGANOPODES! TOTIPALMATE birds. 



Family PELEOANID^: Pelicans. 



PELECAIsUS TRACHTRHYNCHUS, Lath. 



White Pelican. 



Pelecanus enjfhrorhynchua, Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 571.— Donnd., Beytr. Om. ii, 850.— 

 Bonn., Ency. Meth. 1791, 44.— Schl., Mus. P.-B. livr. iv, 35.— Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 

 868.— Coop. & Sdck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 265.— Wheat., Ohio Agrio. Eep. 

 1860, No. 278 (rare).— Elliot, P. Z. S. 1869, 588 (monographic).— CoUBS, Ibis, 

 1866, 271 (coast of California). — Dkess., Ibis, 1866, 45 (Texas, in winter, com- 

 mon).— Codes, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 100 (Arizona).— Boaedm., Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 ix, 1862, 130 (Calais, Maine, accidental).— Verb., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 160 

 (same). — Allen, iUd. iv, 1864, 89 (same). — CouES, ibid, v, 1868, 302 (same). — 

 ilClLWK., iUd. Y, 1866, 95 (Canada West, two instances).- Allen, Bull. M. C. 

 Z. ii, 1871, 364 (Florida, winter, common, and said to breed) ; iii, 1872, 183 

 (Utah).— Codes, Pr. Boat. Soc. xii, 1868, 125 (South Carolina).— Tuenb., B. E. 

 Pa. 1869, 46 (rare).— Lawe., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 298 (New York).— 

 Teippe, Pr. Bost. Soc. xv, 1872, 241 (Iowa).— Gilman, Am. Nat. iv, 1871, 758 

 (Lake Huron ).— ? Mayn., Guide, 1870, 149 (Nantucket).— Claekb, Am. Nat. v, 

 1871, 252 (Lake Michigan).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 11.— Eldgw., Ann. Lye. N. 

 Y. X, 1874, 390 (Illinois). 



Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, Lath., Ind. Om. ii, 1790, 884 (based on Bough-Klled Pelican of 

 Gen. Syn. vi, 586).— Steph., Shaw'.s G. Z. xiii, 1825, 117.— Licht., Abb. Akad. 

 Berl. 1838, pi. 3, f. 5.— Bp., List, 1838, 60.— Geay, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 309.— ScL., 

 P. Z. S. 1868, 269; Ibis, i, 1859, 233 (Western Central America).— Newb., P. E. 

 E. Rep. vi, 1857, 109.— Heeem., ihid. x, 1859, pt. vi, 72.— Maxlm., J. f. 0. vii, 

 18.^9, 259.— Bd., Stansbury's Eep. 1852, 324.— Woodh., Sitgr. Eep. 1853, 105.— 

 CouES, Key, 1872, 300. 



Cyriopelicanus trachyrhynchus, Reich. — Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1855, 163. 



Pelecanus onocrotalua var., Foest., Phil. Trans. Ixii, 1772. 



Pelecanus anocrotalus, Bp., Syn. 1828, 400.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 472 (north to 

 61°).— NuTT., Man. ii, 1834, 471. (Not of European writers.) 



Pelecanus americanus, Add., Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 88, pi. 311 ; Syn. 1839, 309; B. Am. vii, 

 1844, 20, pi. 422. — Tkippb, Pr. Ess. Inst, vi, 1871, 119 (Minnesota, common, mi- 

 gratory). 



"Pelecanus Irachydactylus, Licht. ?" 



(?) Pelecanus occipitalis, Eldgw., "American Sportsman," iv, 1874, 297 (Nevada). 



Hai. — ^North America, up to lat. 61° at least. Eare or casual in the Middle States 

 and New England. Abundant in the interior, especially west of the Mississippi. Texas 

 and Florida. South to Central America. 



The geographical distribution of the White Pelican may be clearly 

 traced from the above quotations. Its occurrence in New England at 

 the present time is wholly fortuitous, though it has been observed in 

 Maine and Massachusetts. But Mr. Allen's record of a flock at Nan- 

 tucket (Am. Nat. iii, 640) is erroneous, as he subsequently pointed out 

 {ibid, iv, 68), P. fuscus having been mistaken for it. It is of scarcely 

 often er occurrence in the Middle States and most portions east of the 

 Mississippi, but is said to be common in Florida. In the West I have 

 found it in many localities — on the Red River of the North and some of 

 its affluents, oh the Colorado of the West, and on the coast of Southern 

 California, It formerly bred in immense numbers about Great Salt 

 Lake, where it has decreased in abundance of late. Mr. Ridgway tells 

 me of vast bands now nesting about Pyramid Lake in Nevada, where 

 he took over a hundred eggs from as many nests ; these were merely a 



