GEACULUS DILOPHUS, DOUBLE-CEESTED CORMOEANT. 687 



heap of eartb scraped up to the height of a few inches. He has also 

 shown that the curious horuy comb or crest of the bill, being deciduous, 

 is regularly shed in a manner somewhat analogous to the casting of 

 deers' horns. The breeding range of the species is very extensive, ap- 

 parently determined less by latitude than by the occurrence of suitable 

 places anywhere within the general range of the species. I have not 

 noted any breeding resorts within the Missouri region, though doubtless 

 there are such. The large numbers of Pelicans I observed, however, in 

 Northern Dakota, at various times in the summer, leads me to presume 

 that they nest in that region, especially about the Lake Eiver, a short 

 expansive affluent of the Mouse Eiver, more like a great prairie slough 

 than an ordinary river. In May, 1873, 1 took a female on the Eed Eiver, 

 near Pembina ; the specimen was in very poor flesh, with worn, harsh 

 plumage, which was attributable to a disease of the pouch. On the in- 

 side of this organ were fastened in clusters great numbers of a louse- 

 like parasite, which produced an induration, ulceration, and, finally, 

 perforation of the membrane in several places, so that the bird must 

 have had difficulty in feeding. The intestines were loaded with some 

 kind of ascarides. In the stomach were found about fifty crawfish 

 (Astacus). 



Eamily PHALAOEOOOEACID^ : Cormorants. 



GEACULUS DILOPHUS, (Sw.) Gray. 

 Double-crested Cormorant; Shag. 



a. dilophus. 



Felecanus (Carlo) dilophus, Sw. &. Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 473. 



Cario dilophus, Game., Jouin. Pbila. Acad, i, 1849, 227. 



Pha.lacrocorax dilophu8,'SvTT., Man. ii, 1834, 483.— Bp., List, 1838, 60.— Add., Orn. Biog. 

 iii, 183,5, 420 ; v, 1839, 629 ; pi. 257 ; Svn. 1839, 302 ; B. A. vi, 1844, 423, pi. 41G.— 

 GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 344.— Bd., Stansbury's Eep. 1852, 324 (Great Salt Lake).- 

 Pdtn., Pr. Ess. lust, i, 1856, 221.— Bry., Pr. Boat. Soc. viii, 1861, 71 (Gulf of 

 Saint Lawrence, breeding). — TuRNB., B. E. Pa. 1869, 38 (winter, rare). 



&raculu8 dilopJim, Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, — . — Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1855, 172 ; Compt. 

 Eend. 1856, 766.— Bd., B. N. A. 185S, 877 ; Pr. Phila. Acad. Nov. 1859 (Cape 

 Saint Lucas).— Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 267.— Coues, Pr. Phila. 

 Acad. 1861, 241 (Labrador) ; 1866, 100 (California) ; 1871, 38 (North Carolina, 

 common in winter). — Boaedm., Pr. Boat. Soc. ix, 1862, 130 (Maine, in winter). — 

 CoHES, ihid. xii, 1868, 126 (South Carolina, in winter). — Allex, Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 iv, 1864, 89 (New England coast, in winter). — Veimj., ibid, iii, 1862, 160 (the 

 same).— Codes, iUd. v, 1868, 302 (the same). — Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 

 298.— Daix & Bank., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 302 (Alaska).— Allen, Bull. M. C. 

 Z. iii, 1872, 183 (Great Salt Lake).— Snow, B. Kans. 1873, 11 (migratory).— 

 Codes, Key, 1872, 303.— Eidgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1874, 390 (Illinois). 



Flialaurocorax floridanus, Maxim., J. f. 0. vii, 1859, 260 (Missouri). 



Graoulus fioridanus, McIlwe., Pr. Ess. lust, vi, 1871, 95 (Canada). 



b. fioridanus, 



Phalaa-ocorax fioridanus, Add., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 387 ; v, 1839, 632 ; pi. 251 ; Syn. 18,39, 



303 ; B. Am. vi, 1843, 430, pi. 417. 

 Graculus fioridanus, Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1855, 172; Compt. Eend. Ixii, 1856, 766.— La:wr., 



B. N. A. 1858, 879.— Bry., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 1859.— Schl., Mus. P.-B. livr. iv, 



1863, 23 (in part; includes meximnus and " toivnsendii") — Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. 



ii, 1871, 365.— Codes, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1871, 38 (north to North Carolina). 

 Graculus dilophus, Gray, Gen. of B. iii (in part). 

 Graculus dilophus var. fioridanus, Codes, Key, 1872, 303. — Eidgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 



1874, 390 (Illinois). 

 Phalaei-ouorax brasiliensis, Bp., Comp. List, 1838, 60. (Whether of authors ? If found 



