STEECOEARIUS BUFFONI, LONG-TAILED JAEGER. 615 



Degland (1838), and, following his authority, Sobinz (1840) are both synonyms of the 

 young of tbo present species, according to Degland's subsequent admission. 



The name eepplms has been applied to this species by very few writers, the principal 

 of which I have given in the synonymy. Those writers who use this name for the 

 present species apply to the long-tailed species aithav parasitica, or longlcaudata, or 6m/- 

 foni. For the discussion of the names of those authors who thus interchange cepphua 

 and parasiticus, see remarks under head of l>i(ffoni. 



The Lestris parasitica of Temmiuck (1820) is a mixture of the present species and the 

 long-tailed one, as is shown by his list of authorities cited as well as by his descrip- 

 tion. This error Temminck soon afterward became aware of, and in subsequent editions 

 corrected by coutradiatiDguishing the two species. The same combination probably 

 exists in Faber's description of his Lestris parasiticus. 



In 1863 I indorsed the validity of S. richardsoni as diifcrent from parasiticus, but not 

 without heBitation, and I am now of opinion that it is inseparable. It is, it is true, 

 larger in all its parts, and the specimens I have exammed have a longer and appar- 

 ently more rounded tail than nsua,l, with broader reotrices ; but with increased knowl- 

 edge of the range of individual variability in this genus, I scarcely think the name 

 tenable even as that of a variety. 



The name has been quite generally employed, especially by American writers, for the 

 true parasiticus (to which it belongs, but is of course antedated). How this came about 

 is readily explained. The two species of Jiigers — the Common and the Long-tailed— 

 were generally confounded by authors (except Brisson) down to a comparatively re- 

 cent date, or at least the two names "parasiticus" and "cepphus," were used indiscrim- 

 inately for either species by those even who recognized two. Thus, in 1820, Temminck, 

 then perhaps the best authority on the subject, gives but a single species, under the 

 name of "parasiticus, Brilnnich," which, according to his description and synonymy, is 

 a combination of both. He soon after, however, became aware of his error, and 

 acknowledges it in 1840, saying that "comme uotre article du Stercoraire parasite on 

 labbe, renferme * * * les synonymes de deux esp&ces destinctes * » * n est 

 necessaire de refaire en totality toutes les indications," &c. But in the mean time 

 Swainson's richardsoni had been described and figured, and Temminck, looking for a 

 name under which to present the Common Jiiger (for he considered the name "para- 

 sitica" as referring to the Long-tailed species), adopted Swainson's appellation for it. 

 His example has been followed by Audubon and other American as well as by some 

 European writers. 



' STERCORAEIUS BUFFONI, (Boie) Coues. 



Buffon's or the long-tailed Jaeger. 



Stercorariws longicaudatus, Briss., Orn. vi, 1760, 15.5. — Vieill., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 



xsxii, 1819, 1.57.— Dbgl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 293.— Sblys-L., Fn. Belg. 1842, 



156.— SCHL., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, 49. 

 Lestris longicaudatus, Thomps., N. H. Irel. iii, 1851, 399. 

 Cataractes longecauda, Macgii.., Man. ii, 1842, 258. 

 Stercorarius longicauda,'!ilEif/T., Ibis, 1865, 571. 

 (?) Catharacta cepphus, BhOnn., Orn. Bor. 1764, 36. 

 Lestris cepphus. Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 240.— Bp., Cat. Met. Ucc. 1842, 80; 



Rev. Crit. 1850, 202; Consp. ii, 1856, 209.— Des Murs, Tr. Ool. 1860,551.— Blas., 



J. f. O. 1865, 384. 

 Stercorarius cepphus. Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 653 ; List Br. B. 1863, 229.— Lawr., B. 



N. A. 1858, 840.— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 243.— ScnL., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, 



49.— BoAHDM., Pr. Best. Soc. ix, 1862, 131.— Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 100.— 



Allen, ibid, iv, 1864, 90. 

 (1) Larus parasiticus, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 819. Uncertain. 

 Cataractes parasitica. Pall., Zoog. E.-A. ii, 1811, 310. — Macgil., Br. B. v, — . 

 Lestris parasitica, Tem,-\i., Man. Orn. iv, 1840, 502.— Lesson, Man. ii, 1828, 388 —Sw. & 



Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 430.— Ndtp., Man. ii, 1834, —.—Jen., Man. 1835, 283.— 



Eyt., Cat. 1836, 52.— AUD., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835, 470 ; Syu. 1839, 333 ; B. Am. vii, 



1844, 192, pi. 452.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 364. 

 Lestris T)uffoni,Bom, "in Meyer's Tasch. iii, 1810, 212;" Isis, 1822, 562.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 



No. 300 ; List, 1838, 63.— Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 47.— Less., Tr. Orn. 



1831, 616.— SCHiNZ, Eur. Fn. i, 1840, 391.— Schl., Rev. Crit. 1844, 135.— DeKaYj 



N. Y. Zool. ii, 1844, 315, pi. 133, f. 291.- Midd., Sib. Reise, ii, ISM, 241. 

 Stercorarius buffoni, Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1863, 136 ; Pr. Ess. Inst, v, IKGS, 305 ; Key, 



1872, 309 ; Prybilov Isl. 1874, — .— Malmg., J. f. 0. 1805, 206.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. 



N. Y. viii, 1866, 299.— Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 304. 

 Lestris crepidata, Brehm, Eur. Vog. 1823, 747 ; V. D. 724.— Naum., V. D. x, 534, pi. 274. 

 Lestris tessoni, Degl., Mem. Acad. Eoy. Lille, 1838.— ScHiNZ,.Eur. Fn. 1840, 392. ( Young.) 

 " Lestris brachyrhynchus, in icrorhyuchws, Beehm." 



