620 LARDS GLAtrCUS, GLAUCOUS, GULX. 



1». Tarsns little if any longer than middle toe 

 and claw ; bill with a red spot, but an im- 

 perfect black hand, if any; first primary 

 usnally with the end broadly white; length, 

 about 20—22 inches delawaiibnsis var. caJifornicua. 



2. Tarsns little if any longer than the middle 

 toe and claw ; bill slender, without a black 

 band or red spot ; size, very small ; length, 

 16 or — inches ..- casus var. braehyrhynchus. 



LAEUS GLAUCUS, Briinn. 



Glancons Gnll; Burgomaster. 



Larua glaucus, BRtji™., Orn. Bor. 1764, 44.— Sab., Linn. Trans, xii, 757.— TEini., Man. ii, 



1820, 757.— Bole, Isis, 1822, 562.— Steph., Gen. Zool. xiii, 1626, 189.— Flem., Br. 



Anim. 1828, 139.— Bp., Svn. 1828, 361 ; List, 1838, vi3.— Sw. & Eich., F. B. A. ii, 



1831, 416.— NUTT., Man. "ii, 1834, 306.— Jen., Man. 1835, 279.— Eyt., Cat. Br. B. 



1836, 53.— Brehm, V. D. 1831, 733.— Ace, Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 59, pi. 396; Syn. 



1839, 329 ; B. Am. vii, 1844, 170, pi. 449.-Xai;m., V. D. x, 1^40, 350, pi. 264.— 



Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 96.— Macgel., Man. ii, le42. 247.— GiR., B. L. 



I. 1844, 363.— SCHE., Eev. Crit. 1844, 125.— Grat, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 654 ; List 



Br. B. 1863, 230.— Midd., Sib. Reise, ii, 1853, 241.— Lawr., B. N. A. 1858, 842.— 



Eeixh., Ibis, iii, 1861, 16.— Cooes, Pr. A. N. S. 1861, 243 ; 1862, 294 ; Pr. Ess. 



Inst. V, 1868, 306 ; Key, 1872, 311.— Newt., Ibis, 1865, 509.— Scm., Mus. P.-B. 



iv, 1863, iari, 4.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 299.— Dai,e & Baxn., Tr. 



Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 304.— Elliot, introd. B. N. A. fig. — .— Eadde, Eeisen, ii, 



1863, 382 (Siberia).— Blas., J. f. O. 1865, 381. 

 LeucM glmwm, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 86.— Bp., Consp. Av. ii, 1856, 215 ; 



• Compt. Eend. xlii, 1856, 770. 

 Plautus glaucus, Eeich., Syst. Av. pi. 47, figs. 316-17-18. 

 iMroides glaucus, Bruch, J. f. O. 1855, 281. 



Larus glacialis, ISexicken. — Macgil., Mem. Wem. Soc. v, 1824, 270. — Brehm, V. D. 732. 

 Glavcns glacialis, Bruch, J. f. 1853, 101, pi. 2, f. 14 (Schlegel says this =leMcoptefus). 

 Laroides glacialis, Brcch, J. f. O. 1855, 282. 

 " Larus giganteus, Benicken." 



Larus consul, Boie, " ATied. Zool. Mag. i, 757.-'— Brehm, T. D. 1831, 735. 

 Glaucus consul, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, 101. 

 Larus islandicus, Edmoxstox, Mem. Wem. Soc. iv, 1822, pp. 176, 182; not of Edmon- 



STON, Hid. 1823, which = Zeuco^fents. 

 Larus MtcMnsii, EiCH., F. B. Am. ii, 1831, 419.— Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 290.— 



Codes, ibid. 294.— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. T. viii, 1866, 299.— CouES, Pr. Ess. Inst. 



V, 306.— Elliot, B. N. A. ii, pi. 53.— Dall & Bakn., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 304. 

 (^)Leucus arctieus, Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 216. 

 " Larus leucerHes, Schleep." 

 " Larus leuconotus, Auct." — (Bp.) (But what authors ?) 



DiAG. L.pallio all>ido aut dilute perlaceo, primariis similiius versus apices sensim nee statim 

 albis, staiura inter maximos. Long. 30 poll., rostr. et tars. 3 -{-poll. 



Hai. — Northern and Arctic Seas, circumpolar ; south in winter on the Atlantic coast 

 of North America to Long Island. 



Adult summer plumage. — Very large, nearly or quite equaling i. marin«s. Bill large 

 and strong ; very wide, but not so deep at the angle nor so much arched toward the 

 termination of the culmen as in marinus. Bill about as long as the middle toe and 

 claw. Second primary nearly equaling the first. Bill chrome-yellow, -n ith a tinge of 

 olivaceous, the tip diaphanous, the sides of the symphyseal eminence with a small spot 

 of vermilion. Mantle very light pearl-blue (or bluish-white). Primaries a shade 

 lighter than back, fading insensibly into pure white a considerable distance from their 

 tips. Shafts of primaries straw-yellow. Legs and feet pale flesh-color. Otherwise 

 wholly white. 



Adult in %iinter. — The head and neck are streaked with pale brownish-gray. 



Yonng-of-the-year. — " Streaked longitudinally on the neck with pale wood-brown ; 

 the upper plumage barred transversely with ashy-gray and grayish-yellow ; the tail 

 irregularly spotted. The shafts of the primaries white, and the spots on the webs 

 much paler than in the young of L. marinus and argentatus. The biU horn-colored at 

 the base; brownish-black at the tip. Feet flesh-colored." — [iJicft.] 



Dimensions of adult. — Length, 30 inches; extent of wings, 62; wing from carpus,^ 



