638 LAKUS CANUS VAE. BKACHYEHYNCHUS, MEW GTJLL. 



Bonaparte, in his Synopsis, presents the species under the name of " L. canus Linnaens.'' 

 The description is that of an immature bird, in which the primaries have not yet at- 

 tained their white tips. The measurement, "tarsus a little more than two inches," 

 excludes the irachyrhynchn^ Eichardson, to which the description might otherwise apply. 



The species was definitely characterized by Eichardson in IH'il, under the name 

 zanorliynchus, and separated from the 1)rachyrhynchu8 of that author. This name was in 

 almost universal employ, until Mr. Lawrence showed that it had not rightful priority. 

 But authors have greatly srred in assigning as synonyms of this species canus and 

 Irachyrhynchus of Eichardson, the former being the adult and the latter the young of 

 a \ery diflerent species. Neither is this species the " L. canus from North America of 

 authors," as stated by Bonaparte, which citation is only referable to the succeeding 

 species. A fuller elucidation of these names will be found under head of £. brachyrhynchus. 



The RiDg-loilled Gull is more generally distributed throughout the 

 interior than the Herring Gull, occurring on the larger waters of the 

 Missouri region, and elsewhere. It migrates through the interior, up 

 the Mississippi, as well as along the coast. Prof. Snow does not give it 

 in his Kansas List, but in my copy received from him I find a penciled 

 note of its occurrence at Lawrence in April, 1873. This was the Gull 

 I oftenest observed in Northern Dakota ; I found it in large numbers in 

 September, on Lake Eiver, a tributary of the Souris: and again in Sep- 

 tember of the following year on the Upper Missouri, in company with 

 Herring Gulls. They were mostly young birds, apparently hatched not 

 lar off. Along the Atlantic coast I have traced the bird from Labrador 

 to the Garolinas, finding it numerous in the former locality in summer, 

 with Herrings and Black-backs. It winters abundantly on the coast of 

 the Middle States ; 1 saw it constantly during two winters over the har- 

 bor of Baltimore, where it flies among the shipping with Bonaparte's 

 Gull and several kinds of Terns. 



LARUS CANUS var. BRACHYEHTNGHUS, (Rich.) Coues. 

 American Mew Gall. 



a. canus. 



Larus canus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 224.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 596.— Lath., Ind. 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 815.— Temm., Man. 1815, 499.— Leach, Cat. 1816, 40.— BoiE, Isis, 

 1822, 563.— Steph., Gen. Zool. xiii, 1826, 198.— Flem., Br. An. 1828, 140.— Jen., 

 Man. 1835, 275.— Eyt., Cat. 1836, 52.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 96.— 

 Naum., V. D. X, 1840, 301, pi. 261.- Macgil., Man. ii, 1842, 248.— SCHi.., Eev. 

 Crit. 1844, 125.— Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223.— Schl., Mus. P.-B. iv, 1863, Lari, p. 

 23.— Gray, List Br. B. 1863, 233.— Blas., J. f. 0. 1865, 380.— Sharpe & Dress., 

 B. Eur. pt. xvii, Apr. 1873. 



Laroides canus, Brehm, V. D. 1831, 751. 



Gavina cana et Glaumia canus, Beuch. 



Larus cinereus, Scop., Ann. Hist. Nat. i, 1768, 80. 



Larus hybermts, 6m., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 596 (Gavia hyierna, Briss., Orn. 1760, 189, pi. 16, 

 f. 2).— Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 1849, 654.— Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223. 



Larus cyanorJiynchus, Mey. & Wolf, Tasch. ii, 1810, 480. 



"Larus cyanopus, Bechst." • 



Larus procellosus (partim), Bechst., Orn. Tasoh. 1802, 373 ; Naturg. Dent, iv, 647. 



Laroides procellosus, Bkehm, V. D. 1831, 750. 



Laroides canescens, Brehm, V. D. 1831, 753. 



b. niveus. 



Lams niveus, Pall., Zoog. E.-A. ii, 1811, 320, pi. 76.— Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 224. 



Larus camis var. major, Midd., Sib. Eeise, ii, 1853, 243, pi. 24, f. 4.— Schl., Mus. P.-B. iv, 



1863, Lari, p. 26. 

 Larus heinei, Homeyer, Naum. 1853, 129. 

 " Gavina heinii, Beuch, J. f. O. 1855, 283 (partim)." 

 Larus canus, Bp., Consp. ii, 1856, 223 (parHm).— Schr., Eeise, 511. 

 Larus kamtschatkensis, Bp., E. and M. Z. vii, 1855, 16. 

 Qavina citrirostris, Bruch, (jpartim). 



