LARUS HEERMANNI, WHITE-HEADED GULL. 643 



As just stateil, I have not seen the true fiiKghiosiis Gould from the Galapagos. Sclater 

 and Salvin describe the adnlt as "nearly uniform cinereous, with a well-marked black- 

 ish hood ; the wing-primaries black; the tail cinereous, like the body, witli tbo upper 

 coverts grayish- white and the under coverts still paler ; the legs and feet black ; the 

 bill black, with the point of the upper mandible reddish." These features are strongly 

 at variance with those of heermanni or belcheri. The young ftiUgiiiosus is stated to be 

 "uniform brown, very similar to the corresponding stage of L. heermanni, but immedi- 

 ately recognizable by its much stouter bill." 



Nor have I seen the L. scoresbyi (== hwmatorJtynchiw King), from Chilce and southward, 

 which the authors mentioued place in a diilerent genus Leiicophwus, on account of the 

 singular short, stout, obtuse aud curiously wrinkled bill. It is stated to have a brown 

 hood, when young, like L. belcluri, but to lose this when old. I should not be surprised 

 if /,. bdcheri finally lost this hood, and in fact I consider the indications to bo that way ; 

 but this would not invalidate its specific characters. 



A fifth species of this group is the L. modestus of Tsohudi {^=bridriesi Fraser), from 

 Peru aud Chili. Of this I have before me a good example. No. 31977, from Chili, the 

 basis of Mr. Cassin's notice iu Gillis's U. S. Astron. Exped. p. 205. This is a "white- 

 headed" Gull, with a general superficial resemblance to heermantii, though perfectly 

 distinct, as it also is, according to Sclater and Salvin, who examined the type of 

 " hridgesi," from L. fiiliginosus. The head is white, shading into the clear, light plumbe- 

 ous of the whole body (much lighter than iu heermanni), and nearly uniform above and 

 below. The tail aud its coverts are like the body, with a rather narrow and not sharply- 

 marked subterminal black bar. The primaries are black, with the innermost whitish 

 tipped, and the secondaries arc broadly white tipped. The bill aud feet are wholly 

 reddish-black. The bill is different in shape from that of jny of the species here dis- 

 cussed, being much compressed, very slender, less deep at angle than at base, with an 

 attenuated, deourved, and acute tip, bringing the point down to the level of the gony- 

 deal angle. This is very peculiar, and reminds one of the shape in Chcecocephalus atri- 

 cilla or liissa tridactyla. Wing, 13 ; tail, 5 ; tarsus, 1.95; middle toe and claw, decidedly 

 less ; bill along culmen, 1.75 ; depth at base, 0.50 ; at angle, 0.40. 



The following determinations, it will be observed, of the five species discussed, arc 

 substantially the same as those of Messrs. rSclater and Salvin, P. Z. S. 1871, 573 et scq. 



1. L. MODESTUS, Tschudi, Wieg. Arch. 1843, 389 ; Fn. Peru. 306, pi. 35. — L. bridgesi, Fras., 



P. Z. S. 1845, 16 ; Zool. Tvp. pi. 69; Cass., U. S. Naval Exp. 205. — Blasipns bridgesi, 

 Bp., R. Z. 1855, 21 ; Consp. ii, 212. 

 Bab.— Peru; Chili. 



2. L. ruLiGiNOSDS, Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, 141 ; ScL. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1870, 323; 



. 1871,.573(notof Cassjii, 1858). — Leucophceusfuliginosus, Bp., Consp. ii,232; Comptes 

 Eendus, 1856, 771. — " Adelarus neptmius, Bp." 

 Eai. — Galapagos. 



3. L. HEERMANNI, Cossin, as above. 



Hab. — Pacific coast of America to British Columbia. Panama. 



4. L. BELCHERI, Vigors, Zool. Journ. iv, 1829, 358 ; Beechey's Voy. 39 ; Scl. & Salv., 



P. Z. S. 1867, 991 ; 1871, 575 (not of CouES, Key, 1872, which = keermanni) ; .Schleg., 

 Mus. P.-B., Lari, p. 9 (partim; excl. syu. heermanni et fiiKginosits). — Adelarus 

 belchei-i, Bruch, J. f. 0. 1853, 107 ; 1855, 279. — Lenviipiioms belcheri, Bp., Consp. ii, 

 232; Comptes Reudus, 18,56, 771 (quotes Bp., Rev. Zool. 18.55, 20; Waum., 1854, 



17). — Lartis "hwrnatorhi/nchus, King," Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped. 1848, {nee 



King; tesHbus speco. ipsis). — Lams "ftiliginosus, Govi.d," Cas>j.,U. S. Expl. Exped. 

 1858, 378) nee Gould; testibys specc. ipsis). — Larus frobeeni. Ph. & Landb., Wieg. 

 Arch. 1861, 292 ; Cat. Av. Chil. 48 {fide S. & S.). 

 Hah. — Peru to Straits of Magellau. 



5. L. SCORESBYI, Traill, Mem. Wern. Soc. iv, 1823, 514 ; Pelz., Orn. Nov. Exp. 151 ; 



Abbott, Ibis, 1861, 165 ; Scl., P. Z. S. 1860, 391.— Leucophmus scoresbii, Blas., J. f. O. 

 1865, 378 ; Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1871, 579.— iaews Immatorlujncluis, Klng, Zool. 

 Jouru. iv, 1828, 105 ; Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. jil, 106 ; Dahw., Voy. Beagle, iii, 

 142 (not of Peale, 1848, which =^helche~i). — Lencophwus hcematorhynehus, Bruch, 

 J. f. O. 1853, 108 ; 1855, 287. 



Hab. — Chiloe. Patagonia. Falklands. 



Subgenus RissA, Leach. 



•^ Larus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1758. {Gray.) 

 = Gaiia, BoiB, Isis, 1822, 563. 



= Rissa, Leach, Stephen's Gen. Zool. xiii, 1825, 180 {Larus rissa, BriJnn). 

 = Cheimonea, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 84 (same type). 

 =: Pulocondora, Rbichenbach. {Bp.) 

 Gen. chak. Of medium size. Bill rather short, stout, and little compressed at the 



