730 PODICEPS HOLBOLLI, RED-NECKED GREBE. 



The elianges of plumage of this species chiefly affect the head, in the absence of the 

 crest and ruffs, the parts being plainly colored, correspouding to the dark of the crown 

 and nape and white of the nides o( the head and throat. In any plumage, the species 

 may be known by its subgeueric characters ; and from P. griseigena, the only one of 

 Podiceps proper that approaches it in size, by the pure white instead of dusky-mottled 

 tinder parts, mcire white on the wing, relatively longer tarsi, itc. 



1 see no difference between American and European specimens. 



PODICEPS GEISEIGBXA var. HOLBOLLI, (Eeinh.) Coues. 

 Red-necked Grebe. 



a. griseigena. 



Colymbiis griseigena, Bodd., Tab. PI. Enl. 55 ; pi. 404, fig. 1. 

 Podiceps griseigena, Gkay, Gen. of B. iii, 633. — ScHL , M. F.-B'. ix, 38. 

 Colymbits parotis, Sparem., Mus. Carls, pi. 9. — Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, .')92. 

 Colymbns siibcristatus, Jacq., Beit. 1784, 37, pi. 18.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 590. 

 Podiceps subcrisiatus, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. 540.— Buehm, Vijg. Dentschl. 957. — 



Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 90. 

 Pedeaitliyia mbcristafa, Kaup, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 44. 

 Podiceps rubricolKs, Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 783.— Tem.m., Man. 1815, 4C5.— Steph., G. 



Z. xiii, 18-25, 8. — Beehm, V. I). 950. — Macgil., Man. ii, 203; and of European 



authors generally. 

 Oolymbus cucullatus et nwvias, Pall., Zoog. R.-A. ii, 1811, 355, 356. 

 Podiceps canigularis, Beeh.m., Vog. Deutschl. 958. 



b. holbolK. 



Podiceps rubricoUis, Bp., Syn. 1828, 417 ; List, 1838, 05.— Sw. & Rich., F. B. A. ii, 1831, 



411.— NUTT., Man. ii, 1834, 253.— AuD., Orn. Biog. iii, 1835. 617, pi. 298; Syn. 



1839, 357 ; B. Am. vii, 1844, 312, pi. 480.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 384.— TuEHB., B. E. 



Pa. 1869, 39. 

 Podiceps griseigena, Lawe., B. N. A. 1858, 892; Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 300.— Daix & 



Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 308 (Ala-ska) ; 'and of most late United States 



writers. 

 Podiceps holbolll, Reinh., Ibis, iii, 1861, 14 (Greenland). — CouES, Pr. Phila. Acad. 



1862, 231. 

 Podiceps i/riseigeiia var. holbolli, CoUES, Key, 1872, 337. — RiDGW., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 



1874, 392 (Illinois). 

 Podiceps cooperi, Lawe., B. N. A. 1858 (in test).— Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 230.— 



FixscH., Abh. Nat. iii, 1872, 75 (Alaska). (Beyond doubt!) 

 (?) Podiceps affinis, Salvad., Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. viii. 1866. — Elliot, B. N. A. (Introd. No. 



98 with fig. of head).— Von Martens, J. i. 0. 1863, 70. 



Sab. — The typical form in Europe. Var. Iwlbiilli from Greenland and North America; 



with this Asiatic and Japanese specimens are stated to aOTee. 



Adult, breeding plumage. — Crests short, and ruffs scarcely apparent. Bill black, the 

 tomia of the upper mandible at base and most of the lower mandible yellowish. 

 Crown and occiput glossy greenish-black ; back of the neck the same, less intense, and 

 the upjier parts generally the same, with grayish edgings of the featliers. Wing-cov- 

 erts and primaries uniform chocolate-brown, the shafts of the latter black. Seconda- 

 ries white, mostly with black shafts and brownish tips. Lining of wings and axillars 

 white. A broad patch of silvery-ash on the throat, extending around on sides of head, 

 whitening along line of juncture with the black of the crown. Neck, except the dorsal 

 line, deep brownish-red, which extends diluted some distance on the breast. Under 

 parts silky-white, with a shade of silvery-ash, each feather having a dark shaft-line 

 and terminal spot, producing a peculiar dappled appearance. 



VTiiiter plumage, and yotrng.— Crests scarcely appreciable. Bill mostly yellowish, the 

 ridge more or less dusky. Red of the neck replaced by brownish-ash of very variable 

 shade, from quite dark to whitish. Ash of throat and sides of head replaced by pure 

 white. Under parts ashy-white, the mottling not so conspicuous as in summer. 



Dimensions. — Length, about 19; wing, 7.60; bill along culmen, 1.90; along gape, 

 2.40 ; height at nostrils, 0.55 ; tarsus, 2.10 ; middle toe and claw, 2.65. 



This bird could only be confounded with cristatus in immature dress. It is smaller, 

 stouter, and more thick-set, with stouter bill, with nebulated under plumage, and 

 usually has rather shorter tarsi — only about four-fifths the middle toe and claw, 

 instead of about equal to the middle toe alone, as in ariatatus. 



