BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



plasia, hypertrophy, or both must take place. The outer 

 layer of the uterus is formed by the serosa, which may be 

 considered of peritoneal origin. The part toward the ab- 

 dominal cavity is an endothelial layer; the layer below it is 

 united to the muscularis. The muscularis is composed of two 



h 



Fig. 1. — Sexual Organs of the Cow. 



a, Cavity of tlie vulva ; -6, vagina ; c, urinary meatus and its valve ; <J, canals of 

 Gaertner ; e, external os uteri ; /, internal os uteri ; g, body of the uterus ; 

 ?t. empty liorn ; i, broad ligament ; ?c, ovary ; Z, oviduct. 



layers, an outer or longitudinal one, an inner concentric or 

 circular one. The former is continued through the os uteri 

 into the vagina. During pregnancy the muscular elements of 

 the uterus increase in size. 



