140 BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



same is seen in puncturing the rumen when the gas is allowed 

 to escape too quickly. The puncture is made in the right 

 lower abdominal region under aseptic precautions with Char- 

 lier's trocar. 



After removal of the foetal waters, the skin of the abdomen 

 is pushed inward as the canula is withdrawn. One or two days 

 later feeble uterine contractions set in, the os uteri opens 

 sufficiently to be dilated mechanically and permit extracting 

 the foetus. 



The after treatment of such cows is of vital importance. 

 It was mentioned previously that the expelling forces are of 

 little intensity. Retention of the afterbirth is consequently a 

 rule. Measures must be applied to contract the uterus as 

 much as possible (Franck, Kammermann). The manual re- 

 moval of the foetal envelopes is mostly impossible, but a few 

 cotyledons are accessible to the hand. It is best to irrigate 

 the uterus once daily with a 2 per cent, alum solution. A 

 subcutaneous injection of 6 to 10 g. of ergot (extractum secalis 

 cornuti) is often accompanied by excellent results. It is also 

 advisable to rub the belly three times daily with spirits of 

 camphor. 



Internally, tonics and stimulants, such as the best of food, 

 iron, coffee, may be given. 



The process of involution of the uterus is here a prolonged 

 one, and the after treatment must endeavor to prevent sequellaj ; 

 especially from retention of the foetal membranes. 



III. 

 EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY. 



GEAVIDITAS EXTRA-UTEEINA. 



As a rule, the foetus develops within the uterus, exception- 

 ally outside the uterus; therefore the designation graviditas 

 extra-uterina. The impregnated ovum may further develop on 



