D.— ABNORMAL PARTURITION, DYSTOKIA. 



I. 

 ABNORMALITIES IN THE MOTHER. 



1. — Displacement of the Pregnant Uterus. 



The normal position of the gravid uterus is in the right 

 lower abdominal region. The long axis of the impregnated 

 horn and the long axis of the vagina do not form a straight line, 

 but an angle. The direction of the long axis of the impreg- 

 nated horn deviates toward the right on account of the diagonal 

 position of the uterus in the right lower abdominal region. 

 The greater the descent of the abdomen, the greater this angle. 

 The cause of this physiological deviation is found in the direc- 

 tion of the rumen — from the left flank to the right lower region 

 of the ribs. 



Two deviations of great importance in obstetrics are 

 observed in the cow : anteversion and torsion. By anteversion 

 (which term indicates in the human female a forward flexion of 

 the body of the uterus), we understand an abnormal position, 

 where the long axis of the impregnated horn forms an angle of 

 45 to 90 degrees with the long axis of the pelvis; that is, the 

 long axis of the calf forms an open angle with the long axis of 

 the mother. 



Anteversion is almost exclusively seen in pendulous bellies, 

 but also in hernia uteri in the linea alba or laterally to it. 

 Anteversion therefore is accompanied by a very slight rotation 

 around the transverse axis. 



In torsio uteri, twisting around the long axis takes place. 

 When we imagine the gravid uterus as hanging on the broad 

 ligaments, supported by the abdominal walls, then in torsio 



Hi 



