282 BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



severed with the forceps. During this manipulation plenty of 

 soap suds are used, permitting the forceps to advance readily 

 and allowing us to ascertain whether any skin is between the 

 forceps or not; thus the lumbar region is soon reached with 

 the forceps. 



Now the skin is separated over the hip joint of the upper 

 hind leg, the muscles are cut with the sharp hook, the femur 

 exartioulated (torn loose with a rope), a cord passed around 

 the femur behind the trochanter, and the leg extracted from 

 the skin. Finally, the loop of a rope is passed through the 

 oval foramen aud tightened so as to rest against the anterior 

 border of the opposite ilium. When the pelvis is fixed in this 

 manner no fear need exist that the part will break, one person 

 being sufficient to extract the remains of the calf. 



The forceps used by Van der Linden is very strong. "The 

 handles are 52 cm. long, the jaws 15 cm. The handles are 

 connected in the middle by a threaded transverse piece so that 

 the jaws can be tightly screwed together. 



METHOD ACCOEDING TO ERUYT's (HOLLAND) DESCRIPTION. 



The presentation of the calf is the same as before. 



Modus operandi. — When necessary, one or both fore legs 

 are repelled to seize the head. After the head has been fixed 

 by means of one or two little hooks in the orbital cavities, two 

 incisions are made with the ordinary knife, one below the head 

 between the branches of the inferior maxilla, one across the 

 head between the eyes, both as far as the edge of the lip. 

 Both these flaps are skinned to the union of the tongue and 

 larynx, with the lower jaw severed. The branches of the 

 inferior maxilla are severed, and, by twisting, removed with the 

 hand. The skin of the superior maxilla is separated as far as 

 possible with the knife and detached from the cranial parietes 

 with the curved blunt spatula. The ligamentum nuchas and 

 atlo-axoid articulation are cut with a sharp curved spatula. 

 Now a small hook with a cord is fastened in the foramen mag- 

 num. By pulling on it the head is brought forward and may be 

 removed with the knife. The neck is left undisturbed and the 



