374 BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



fully with the alterations noticed by many investigators of 

 this disease. Sometimes pneumonic foci, deglutition pneu- 

 monia were found (Morkeberg, cited by Jensen). 



Therapeutics. — Prophylaxis promises here more than thera- 

 peutics. Franck already in 1876 advises to place pregnant 

 cows, four to six weeks before their term is up, into another 

 stable, the floor of which has been disinfected previously. 

 Goring, besides, suggests thoroughly cleansing the abdomen 

 and the legs of such animals, and to wash their udder with a 

 2 per cent, carbolic acid solution and to take care the infec- 

 tious material is not transmitted by an intermediary. 



Morkeberg decreased the rate of mortality from 77 to 33.3 ■ 

 per cent, by analagous measures and by feeding pure milk from 

 an udder first washed with sublimate water. The young 

 animals are treated with antiseptics (1 to 1200), creolin, naph- 

 talin, thioform, salicylate of soda and salts of bismuth. 



Some practitioners had good results by administering 

 slimy agents with opium (mucilago saleb with opium). Many 

 use the remedy recommended by Hertwig, magnes. carb., pulv. 

 rad. Eihei and pulv. opii; also tannic acid and silver nitrate 

 (J per cent.) are used either per os or as clysma. 



No matter which remedies are employed, it is always of 

 importance to keep the calves warm and to stimulate cutaneous 

 circulation by rubbing with straw wisps. 



(b) SEPTIC PLEUEOPNEUMONIA OF CALVES. 



Poels first described this disease, quite common among 

 calves. It has the character of a septicaemia complicating itself 

 with pneumonia and pleurisy. Poels found in this disease 

 specific bacteria, pure cultures of which produced the identical 

 disease in experimental calves. On post-mortem examination 

 of these experimental calves the bacteria in pure cultures, 

 virulent and in large quantities, were found in the blood, 

 internal organs, pleuritic and pneumonic exudates. 



The pure cultures killed mice, rabbits, guinea pigs and 

 young bovines. In swine they may produce a disease resemb- 

 ling closely swine plague. 



