FATAL ENZOOTICS OP CALVES 377 



Some animals exhibit occasionally a severe and dry cough. 

 The appetite has decreased, but the animal takes a little milk 

 up to the last day. 



Fseces are normal, rarely diarrhoea. The urine is evacu- 

 ated frequently and in small quantities. It was mostly turbid, 

 and contained albumen, bladder epithelium, casts and the above 

 named bacteria. 



Some calves show cerebral symptoms, as tonic and chronic 

 spasms. Later paralysis sets in. 



Course. — The disease extends over five to six days, always 

 terminating in death. 



Pathological anatomy. — The spleen is five to six times its 

 normal size, weighs 1 pound, it is full of blood, of chocolate or 

 black color. The spleen occasionally is irregular in shape 

 when one part is more swollen than another one. A smear 

 made from the spleen shows many bacilli. The kidneys show 

 a hemorrhagic, parenchymatous inflammation. The mucosa of 

 the bladder is colored brownish-red or sometimes in streaks or 

 spots. 



The mesenteric glands are enlarged, exhibiting many 

 hemorrhages. The folds of the abomasum show dark red 

 spots, also seen here and there on the mucous membrane of 

 the small intestines. Peyer's patches are swollen. The liver 

 is undergoing parenchymatous degeneration. The endocardium 

 is covered with many red spots. The central nervous system 

 is mostly normal. Occasionally a meningitis serosa, and in the 

 exudate bacilli and leucocytes, are found. 



Therapeutics. — Thomassen tried successively : carbolic acid 

 2 per cent., eucalyptol (1 to 10 in oil), ioditrichloride (1 to 1000, 

 as much as 2^ ounces daily) and Lygol's solution subcutane- 

 ously and intravenously, without any results whatsoever. 



