22 History AND DEVELOPMENT 
condensed milk factories in European countries, with headquar- 
ters at Cham, Switzerland. 
Up to the early eighties of the last century, sweetened con- 
densed milk was the only condensed milk that was put on the 
market and sold in hermetically sealed cans, while unsweetened 
condensed milk was manufactured and sold open, largely direct 
to the consumer, in a similar way as market milk. The purity 
Fig. 5. Pan Room in Factory of Borden’s Condensed Milk Co. 
and keeping quality of this unsweetened condensed milk, how- 
ever, were greatly superior to market milk. 
Early in 1885 the Ilelvetia Milk Condensing Company was 
organized at Highland, Illinois. ‘his company confined its 
efforts exclusively to the manufacture of evaporated milk (1n- 
sweetened condensed milk, sterilized by heat and sold in her- 
metically sealed cans). While, for several years before the or- 
ganization of this company, the possibilities of producing a 
sterile unsweetened condensed milk were essayed in laboratory 
