BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT 33 
tem of septic tanks with efficient filter beds may serve the 
purpose. 
Where possible, it is advisable to take advantage of hillsides, 
affording natural means to arrange and operate the factory on 
the gravity plan. 
BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT. 
Material of Construction.—Since the establishment of a milk 
condensing factory involves the investment of considerable capi- 
tal, those willing to invest must have faith in the permanency 
of the business. For a permanent business, a building substan- 
tially constructed is the most economical. Most of the factories 
belonging to the most reputable concerns are built very sub- 
stantially. However, there are in this country condensing fac- 
tories in the construction of which cheapness was the goyvern- 
ing factor, 
It is beyond the realm of this volume to furnish detailed 
specifications and plans for the construction of condensed milk 
factories. Such information would be of comparatively little 
value, as such details must of necessity vary with locality, ca- 
pacity of prospective plant, type of equipment, svstem of opera- 
tion and preferences of individual owners. Such details are best 
decided on and worked out fer each individual factory separately 
and when needed. There are a few fundamental principles, how- 
ever. which apply to all factories and to which attention may be 
briefly called here. 
Floors, Walls and Ceilings.—Stone, brick, concrete, concrete- 
steel, according to availability, are satisfactory materials of which 
to construct a condensery. IJntersecting walls or partitions are 
best constructed of similar material. If constructed of wood, 
they should rest on concrete, brick or stone, built up at least 
two feet from the floor, or the lower two feet of which parti- 
tions should be wainscoated with an approved quality of cement 
plaster. 
All floors of the main building should be of cement, great 
care being taken that the foundation of these floors be of uni- 
formly hard material, thoroughly tamped and avoiding soft spots. 
The concrete bed should be at least four inches in depth, con- 
sisting of one part of cement, two parts of sand and four parts 
