BuILDING AND EQuIPMENT 35 
furnish all the ventilation needed Under many other condi- 
tions, however, it is necessary to hood that equipment from 
which free steam escapes in large volume, such as can washers, 
and can sterilizers, hot wells, etc., and to draw the steam away 
through ducts of adequate size by one or more motor fans 
located in the outside wall or ceiling. 
Drainage.—All floors of the manufacturing rooms. should 
slope to facilitate rapid drainage. A fall of one-eighth inch 
per foot is usually sufficient. Large water-sealed floor drains 
should be sufficiently numerous and well placed in all rooms to 
rapidly carry off water. ‘UVhe surface of these floor drains should 
be about one-half inch below that of the adjoining floor, so as 
to catch the water readily. In the larger rooms open drain- 
‘ditches in the cement floor, six to eight inches wide and covered 
with perforated iron plates, are preferable to bell-traps. ‘They 
may be placed along the walls or elsewhere. ‘They should he 
not more than forty feet apart and have a fall of one-eighth 
inch to the foot, with the floor sloping toward them. It 1s gener- 
ally most convenient to have all the drain pipes enter into one 
large sewer pipe not less than ten inches in diameter, for a con- 
densery receiving about fity thousand pounds of milk daily, 
which should dispose of all the factory sewerage. It is advis- 
able to place the main sewer pipe outside the building and to 
have it terminate in a ‘“‘clean-out.”) This will afford more ready 
access in case the sewer is stopped up. 
General Plan of Factory.—Most of the condensing factories 
are either one- or two-story buildings. In the case of two-story 
buildings the first floor 1s usually devoted to the boiler and 
engine rooms, vat room, well room, filling, sealing and packing 
rooms. On the second floor are installed the pan room, store 
room for sugar and box shoolks, the tinshop and possibly the 
offices. A basement is sometimes provided and used for the stor- 
ing of condensed milk. 
Fig. 7 illustrates a floor plan of a milk condensing factory 
with a capacity of filty thousand pounds of milk daily. All 
operating rooms are located on one floor. The arrangement of 
machinery permits of the handling of the milk on the gravity 
1Jn this case there should be an inner and outer stack with an air space 
between which connects with the air flue. 
