MILK SUPPLY 43 
mies of sanitation. “They should be avoided wherever possible. 
The gravity system of conyeying milk should be used in pref- 
erence to the pumping system. Milk pipes should be short and 
accessible; all vats sould be of sanitary construction; wooden 
jackets should not be tolerated; all seams in the vats and ket- 
tles should be well flushed with solder; milk pumps should be 
brass lined; all milk pipes should be of black iron pipe made 
smooth on the inside by sandblasting, or of galvanized iron or 
copper heavily tinned over on the inside: long lines of milk 
pipes should be equipped with unions at short distances: crosses 
or sanitary couplings should be used in place of elbows, in 
order to render all sections of the milk pipes easily accessible 
to flue brushes. 
Crarrer III. 
MILK SUPPLY. 
Basis of Buying Milk.—The prices which the condensery 
pays the patrons are not usually governed by any board of trade. 
They do not even necessarily follow the quotations of the but- 
ter and cheese market, though they naturally bear a more or less 
definite relation to them. In normal times condensery prices 
average from about twenty to fifty cents higher per hundred 
pounds of milk than those paid by creameries and cheese fac- 
tories. 
The relation between condensery prices on the one hand 
and creamery and cheese factory prices on the other, varies prin- 
cipally with the market demand for the finished product and 
the season of the year, 
The greater the demand and the brisker the market for 
condensed milk, the greater usually is the difference in price 
for whole milk. Thus. during the war the export demand for 
condensed milk was very great. This resulted in an extreme 
rise of prices which condenseries offered for milk over those 
paid by creameries and cheese factories, at least in so far as 
exportation was not too greatly lmited by shortage in shipping 
facilities. 
It is customary for the condenseries to pay the highest dif- 
ferential over and above creamery and cheese factory prices in 
