EVAPORATED MitK—MOoJONNIER CONTROLLER 157 
viscosity. Thus, tall size cans require one degree more heat 
on a 15 minute run of holding than the baby size cans. Hence 
if the record for a baby size batch of evaporated milk calls for 
15 minutes at 240 degrees F., for tall size cans, the same batch 
would have to be held for 15 minutes at 241 degrees F. 
Irregularities in the Reaction and Results of Sodium Bi- 
carbonate.—Generally speaking the Mojonnier formula above 
given for the use of Bicarbonate of Soda yields reliable results 
There are occasionally conditions, however, when the evaporated 
milk fails to react normally with this ingredient and may yield 
results exactly opposite those anticipated. Instead of reducing 
the viscosity of the milk, it increases the viscosity. Abnormal 
cases of this type suggest that the physical and possibly the 
chemical make-up of the casein may have undergone material 
though not as yet well understood changes. 
Such abnormal conditions may be the result of improper 
forewarming of the milk, the use of excessive pressure in the 
homogenizer, excessive heat in the sterilizer, mixture of brine 
with the evaporated milk due to leaky coils in the cooler, or 
unbalanced relation of the protein and ash constituents of the 
original milk. See also Chapter XXIII, “Defective Evaporated 
Milk” under “Lumps of Curd in Evaporated Milk.” 
Should Bicarbonate of Soda or any other Chemical be Used 
at all?—The foregoing directions for the use of the Mojonnier 
Controller and Viscosimeter should not be interpreted to mean, 
that this volume advocates the use of bicarbonate of soda in 
the manufacture of evaporated milk. In fact the availability 
of this equipment and of these tests materially facilitates the 
manufacture of evaporated milk without the use of sodium 
bicarbonate. : 
It is important to realize, however, that the use of sodium 
bicarbonate for the purpose of facilitating the process of ster- 
ilization has been pretty general for many years prior to the 
introduction of Mojonnier equipment and methods. It has be- 
come a fairly well established practice, accepted by the industry. 
Its abuse cannot be too strongly condemned and its promis- 
cuous use in the absence of a systematic, scientifically controlled, 
correct method, is prone to invite its abuse. 
