MarKETS 197 
3ulk milk, both: sweetened and unsweetened, goes direct 
from the manufacturer to the purchaser who buys it at prices 
agreed upon by the contracting parties. The sweetened con- 
densed milk is sold in barrels holding from three hundred to 
seven hundred pounds (usually about six hundred pounds) to 
candy and caramel factories, bakeries and confectioners. The 
price varies from four to ten cents per pound according to the 
per cent of fat, demand and supply. When there is a general 
“epidemic” of bad canned condensed milk, this spoiled con- 
densed milk is usually turned into candy shops and_ bakeries, 
where it is sold for “a song.” This condition has always a 
depressing influence on the price of sweetened condensed bulk 
milk, which, during such seasons, may have to be sold at a loss. 
Some milk condensing concerns operate their own candy shops 
which take care of the condensed milk that is rejected on the 
market. 
Plain or unsweetened condensed milk is sold in 1-gallon to 
10-gallon cans to ice cream factories, the price varying from 
twenty-five to ninety cents per gallon, according to fat content, 
concentration and market conditions. The market for this class 
of goods is not very constant, but the profits are generally high. 
It reaches ebbtide in winter when the demand for ice cream is 
small. Limited quantities of plain condensed bulk milk are also 
sold in milk and cream bottles for direct consumption. The 
concentrated milk finds the same markets as the plain con- 
densed bulk milk. 
The above range of prices of the several types of condensed 
milk refers to the market conditions which prevailed while the 
industry was protected against competition with goods from 
abroad by an import tariff of 2c per pound or $1.00 per case of 
condensed milk, and to conditions prior to the advent of the 
European war in 1914. 
In 1913, the United States, by Act of Congress, removed 
the import tariff, placing condensed milk on the free list. This 
Act became effective in the fall of the same year. Its immediate 
effect was 4 rapid increase in the importation of European con- 
densed milk, which was offered for sale at relatively low prices, 
