272 ADULTERATIONS OF CONDENSED Mitk 
fresh milk and substitute the abstracted fat by artificial fats of 
animal or vegetable origin. 
Recent improvements in the method of manufacture have 
made it possible to manufacture evaporated milk, made from 
skim milk to which foreign fats, especially vegetable oils, such 
as cocoanut oil, have been added. ‘This milk has every appear- 
ance of, and will commercially keep as well as genuine evaporated 
milk. A representative of this imitation evaporated milk is the 
“Hebe” product. This product consists of skim milk to which 
have been added vegetable fats to replace the butter fat. ‘he 
mixture is homogenized in order to form a complete emulsion, 
then it is evaporated, filled in cans and sterilized in a similar 
manner as the genuine evaporated milk. 
The Federal law requires that the composition and ingredi- 
ents of these imitation products appear plainly on the label of the 
package. 
It should be clearly understood by the manufacturer, the 
dealer and the consumer that this imitation milk is inferior to 
the genuine evaporated milk, in the fact that it lacks the im- 
portant growth-promoting and curative properties which are 
inherent in whole milk. If sold on its own merits, and in accord- 
ance with the Federal law, there can be no logical objection to 
the imitation product, but if offered to the consumer as the 
cenuine article, the manufacture and sale of imitation evaporated 
milk is a heinous crime against humanity. 
Experiments conducted at Ohio State University, by Mr. 
J. L. Eutchison, instructor in the Department of Agricultural 
Chemistry under the direction of Professor O. Erf, Chief of 
Department of Dairy [usbandry and Dr. J. F. Lipman, Professor 
of Agricultural Chemistry, demonstrated that ‘‘ Hebe” milk, when 
fed to young white rats, resulted in malnutrition accompanied 
by stunted growth, sore eyes and death of some of the experi- 
mental rats, in a similar manner as did other rations in which 
the fat soluble vitamines were lacking. 
The volume of “filled” evaporated millk manufactured in this 
country is assuming large proportions and is growing annually 
as shown below: 
