SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK DEFECTS 231 
spoon full of milk sugar per one hundred pounds of condensed 
milk. The milk sugar must be added as soon as the condensed 
milk comes from the pan, if the milk is allowed to cool before 
the milk sugar is added, its effectiviness is largely lost. 
In order to insure the full desired action of the added pow- 
dered milk sugar, this powder must be transferred to the con- 
densed milk in such a manner as to prevent its formation into 
lumps. It must be evenly and hnely- distributed over and in the 
condensed milk. The use of a flour sifter has been found most 
suitable for this purpose. 
Thickened and Cheesy Sweetened Condensed Milk. 
General Description.—-The term ‘“‘thickened and cheesy” con- 
densed milk applies to condensed milk that has become thick 
and in some cases solid. This is a very common trouble with 
milk manufactured in late spring and early summer. The milk 
thickens soon after its manufacture and continues thickening 
until it assumes the consistency of soft cheese, without the de- 
velopment of acid. In this condition it usually has a peculiar 
stale and cheesy flavor, disagreeable to the palate. Such milk is 
invariably rejected on the market. 
Causes and Prevention: Effect of Colostrum on Thickening. 
—It has been suggested that this spontaneous thickening is due 
to the presence in the fresh milk of colostrum milk, because this 
defect appears at a time when the majority of the cows supply- 
ing the condensery freshen. This explanation can hardly be 
considered correct and there is no experimental evidence avail- 
able substantiating it. If the presence of colostrum milk were 
the cause of it, the thickening would take place during the 
process, as the result of the action of heat on the albuminoids. 
This is not the case. This thickening begins some days and 
often some weeks after manufacture and increases as the milk 
grows older. 
Effect of Cow’s Feed on Thickening.— Again, the cause of 
this defect has been attributed to the change in feed, the cows 
being turned from dry to succulent feed at the time when this 
tendency of the condensed milk to thicken occurs. ‘There is 
no reliable evidence, however, of how the succulent pasture 
