282 MANUFACTURE OF MILK PowbER 
The patent claims of the Just process cover the treatment 
of the milk with calcic chloride (CaO + Ca Cl,), or with the 
double salt of sodium and calcium citrate, to reduce the acidity 
of the milk, and with alkaline hypochlorite for the purpose of 
preserving the fatty acids in the finished product, the heating 
and boiling of the milk by bringing it in contact with a heating 
surface of a temperature above 212 degrees F. and below 270 
degrees F., allowing the thus treated and heated milk to flow 
in regulated quantities on the surface of the steam heated re- 
volving metal cylinders, where it is dried in the form of a film 
and from which it is removed by mechanical scrapers. The 
temperature of the heating surface on the cylinders is to exceed 
212 degrees F. and to be below 270 degrees F. 
The high temperature to which the milk is heated obviously 
reduces the solubility of the finished powder. ‘The purpose of 
neutralizing the acidity of the milk, before drying, is to mini- 
mize the solubility-destroying action of the high heat. 
The Hatmaker Process.—This is similar to the Just process. 
James R. Hatmaker’ of London, England, purchased the Just 
Fig. 93. The Just-Hatmaker milk drier 
process for operation in Europe and later secured a patent of 
his own, which represents a modification of the original Just 
process, and which is known as the Just-Hatmaker process, 
