xvn 



and carnivora and other animals which move the fore-limbs with 

 freedom for purposes other than progression. And yet the form 

 of the brain (like that of the horse), and the almost complete 

 absence of clavicle, the rudimentary state of the coracoid, and 

 enormous scapula, with the "hoof-slippers" (like those of the 

 camel) leave no doubt as to its being an ungulate. Yet this same 

 scapula, and with it the leg and thigh bones, are strangely want- 

 ing in finish, are generalized, as we anatomists term it; and so 

 also must be set down as general characters the conical form of 

 the chest, with its large number of bones, the man-like pelvis, 

 and the pentadactyl fore-foot {manns), together with some indi- 

 cations of what we should term, had they occurred in the horse, 

 imperfections of development, or infantile characters, such as the 

 tendency to division of the apex of the heart (as seen also in 

 dolphins), the persistence of the Eustachian valve, the kidneys 

 lobulated like those of the ox and bear, and the short condition of 

 the sacrum, which consists of only a few vertebree Other special 

 features are the enormous facial sinuses in the adult, like those 

 of the ox and owl, the spine of the scapula like that of a rat, and 

 the semi-plantigrade progression. The excretory apparatus of the 

 liver resembles that of the horse, but also, like that of the giraffe, 

 has a dilatation against the duodenum. The uterus somewhat re- 

 sembles that of the mare, but the placenta is zonary, as in carni- 

 vora; the external generative opening of the female is remarkably 

 far forward, and the mammee are pectoral like those of the woman 

 and the bat. The radius very remarkably crosses the anterior sur- 

 face of the enormous ulna. Add to this that the elephant resem- 

 bles the extinct monsters of old in hugeness of his bulk, and we 

 may well ask ourselves how we shall, through this almost endless 

 complication and mixture of characters, trace such an animal in 

 its relations to the other mammalian inhabitants of the globe. 



We have seen that there can be no doubt as to the ungulate 

 characters, though they aro intermingled with the generalised. 

 And so we learn that the elephant, "as one born out of due time," 

 is a near relative of those generalised pentadactyl ungulates, 

 which were the progenitors, in ages long past, of the hoofed 

 animals of the present day. The elephant is an anachronism, but 

 a noble one, which has happily been preserved for our use in the 

 present day by some of the wonderful features of structure which 



