of food, oil, and firewood has already been alluded to. We may 

 add to tliis that, although nothing seems, of too little value for 

 the native to purloin, he will, unless very carefully looked after, 

 ruin the most valuable trappings and appointments by neglect of 

 the most elementary care and by the loss of small but essential 

 straps and buckles— replacing the latter temporarily by some petty 

 makeshift. It requires some little experience of Indian ways to 

 enable an European to appreciate the careful attention to detail 

 requisite in animal management through natives of this country. 

 Por elephants not in regular work exeecise is most essential. 

 According to regulation it is not to be during the heat of the day, 

 except in emergency. Working hours are to be 5 a.m. to 10 A.M. 

 and 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. or on the march from an hour before dayr 

 light until the day begins to get hot. Elephants seldoin sleep, aifter 

 2 or 3 A.M. and therefore are usually astir early. The shortness 

 of the neck, straightness of the fore limbs, great weight of the 

 head, and flatness of the forehead, which adapt the pioneer ele- 

 phant to his duty of forcing a passage through the jungle^ are 

 utilised in getting him to push down walls, force weighty objects 

 onwards, and press against a fallen comrade or obstinate camel 

 until he is compelled to rise. When the elephant is used for 

 these purposes the head should be protected by a shield consisting 

 of a well stuiled leather pad. Evidently by conformation the 

 elephant is a beast of burden. Although he can perform 

 heavy draught work this soon tires him and so does pushing. 

 Thus when called upon to push or drag it should only be 

 where great labour is required for a short time, ag in extricat- 

 ing a gun or cart from a bog. The common breast harness of the 

 Heavy Field Batteries may be used in case of di-aught but in 

 emergency " The tusks are useful for lifting heavy weights, turn- 

 ing them over, or dragging them by means of ropes twisted 

 round these teeth." Also elephants sometimes drag very heavy 

 loads by means of the molars. It is most certainly a feet that 

 the feet of this large animal are not adapted to stand such wear 

 as results from even two or three forced marches along a level 

 road when the weight bearing is altered and regulation of bear- 

 ing on the soles is prevented by a considerable weight, such as a 

 .heavy gun, behind them— five miles a day, with frequent rests, 

 is given by an experienced authority as quite sufficient for, ele- 



