available as there are Serwaus or Muleteers. Of course tlie loss 

 by desertion, sickness, or deatli of a Mabout would be more seri- 

 ous than that of a camel or mule driver. 



We must next deal with the relative mohility of elephants. As 

 a matter of fact they will do ordinary or even forced marches with 

 ease, moving 3-3 J miles per hour and they are capable of doing 

 this for 10 or 12 hours at a stretch. They can do with little sleep, 

 their limbs are specially constructed for long slow work, and for 

 I'est in the standing position. Endurance, capability of forced 

 marches, and a high daily average rate of progress may be put 

 down in favour of the elephant and he may be relied upon to keep 

 up with an ordinary army or baggage train. Havelock in march- 

 ing to the reUef of Cawnpore heard that the rebels were assemb- 

 ling at Futtehpur to obstruct his advance, he sent 150 of the 5th 

 Fusiliers iii haste on elephants to attack them. 



Sanderson has shown that his Department is able to supply as 

 many elephants as are required at present and in the event of 

 even considerable increase in requirements would be able to meet 

 the demand. But the question of procurahility can not thus 

 readily be dismissed. In writing on the Looshai Expedition, Col. 

 Roberts (now General Sir F. Roberts) has shown that out of 157 

 elephants told off for the left column, 51 wore incapacitated by 

 the journey to the base of operations. This reduction in num- 

 bers by one-third is very serious, although perhaps it was advan- 

 tageous to the column since " survival of the fittest" left only the 

 most useful animals available. It seems too, that Koonkies, 

 " trained decoy elephants which are not supposed to be used for 

 baggage purposes and are quite unable to carry any but the light- 

 est loads," also newly captured elephants and zemindaree ani- 

 mals, many of them quite untrained, constituted about three-fifths 

 of the elephants supplied; this was in 1871-2, Mr. Sanderson wrote 

 ten years later. Although elephants can be transported by rail it 

 IS certain they cannot be moved with such facility as the smaller 

 pack animals, thus the numbers of them available for any expedi- 

 tion are limited. We shall show that, in satisfactory accordance 

 with this, the purposes for which elephants can be used in army 

 transport also are limited. Thus we can conclude " we have evidence 

 to show that elephants for transport can he sxipplied, with equipment 

 and attendants, in sufficient numbers to mett ordinary requirements 

 for active service". Dealing now with the question of fodder we 



