tracteJ, tlio case sometimca lasting for months and resulting' in 

 Paraplegia and death. In chronic cases blind boils (Nunjco) 

 occur beneath the belly especially. They appear like ordinaiy 

 boils (Russoolee) but do not suppurate, after a time they gradually 

 disappear. They are associated with the general signs of Asthenia, 

 Forsyth applies the term " Asl"' to acute cases and Siiklid to tho 

 chronic form. 



One very important question suggests itself which careful 

 observation and experiment alone can settle. Is there a specific 

 form of Zferbad ? The general opinion is that the disease is 

 sometimes epizootic and communicable, but there is always a 

 tendency when a number of similar cases occur simultaneously to 

 attribute them to contagion. In many outbreaks of Zerbad in certain 

 places the same influences affect a number of animals. Thus whoUj 

 as is very frequent, itfollo\V3 recent capture it is no doubt, attri- 

 butable to the debilitating effects of climate and to errors of diet,, 

 or when it depends on the presence of parasites a number of those 

 from the same source may have invaded several elephants simul- 

 taneously. On the other hand, there are the following consider*, 

 fttions which afford a good basis for the belief that one form of the 

 disease has a specific character : — There is sometimes an incipient 

 febrile stage ; swellings appear in the positions of the lymphatic 

 glands and extend thence; a fatal result sometimes ensues in 36 — 43 

 hours ; several animals are often simultaneously affected ; and 

 (it is said) the effused fluid may communicate the disease. 



Forsyth speaks of troublesome sores resulting and Gilchrist of 

 extensive sloughing and mortification of tho external generative 

 apparatus — but we have never observed these complications. Wild 

 animals, even, may be affected especially during the monsoon and 

 cold weather. The disorder is very frequent as a result of tho 

 hardships and exigencies of campaigns. Post-mortem examination 

 shows enormous dropsical accumulations not only in the subcu- 

 taneous areolar tissue, but also in the serous cavities, including 

 that of the spinal cord. Alsg the depraved state of the blood 

 and other signs characteristic of anosmia are present. 



Comparative pathology. —G:Tlc\xis,t says "with the exception of 

 the swelUng of the parotid glands this disease very much resem- 

 bles, in its symptoms and appeai-ance shown by dissection^ tho 

 acute form of the disease to which in the Northern Circars the 



