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ticated animals wo are aware tliat it assumes many forms 

 ranging from tlie carbuucular, most frequently seen in man and 

 tLe least fatal, to the splenic, intestinal, and pulmonary forms as 

 seen in tlie ox and horse. The form described by Mr. Frost 

 reminds us of those known as " Blackleg," (technically Inflamma- 

 tory oedema) in cattle and the carbuncular form combined. Al- 

 ways,asinthe former disease, commencing withlameness and lead- 

 ing to death, and as in the latter characterised by local tumours, 

 which most frequently first appear in the lymphatic glands of 

 the limhs and by so doing afford us important information as to 

 how the disease originated. Anthrax is due to fungal organisms 

 entering the body through apparently insignificant wounds 

 either on the surface of the body or of the mucous membrane of 

 the alimentary canal. It is admitted that these parasites cannot 

 enter the body so long as the skin and mucous membranes 

 remain intact and it is highly probable that the glands which aro 

 first swollen in an attack are these which lie on the path of the 

 lymph vessels from the wound to the blood. Thus it would 

 seem that in the elephant the gates of entry for Anthrax fungi 

 are generally wounds of the limbs. These need not be large and 

 conspicuous, slight abrasions, foot wounds, even gnat bites 

 micht suffice. However sometimes the swelling first appears in 

 the parotid region, then entry probably took place through the 

 abraded mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx. Let us 

 now look through Gilchrist's work and see what passages may 

 allude to Anthrax : 



(1). "It would appear that the Elephant is sometimes, 

 though rarely, seized with an epidemic affection of a nature 

 similar to the Budda Azar of the Bullock (Phrenitic cattle 

 plague). The name Budda Bhao is more especially given to 

 this fatal variety of the disease." 



(2). Mumps "is a rare affection, but has been known to occa- 

 sion death after the second or third day" — perhaps this is "Gloss- 

 Anthrax." 



(3). The Epizootic Inflammation recorded by Dr. Macdonald 

 may have been pulmonary anthrax, but we are inclimcd to doubt 

 whether it was so. 25 elephants are recorded as having died of 

 lung disease at Tonghoo in 1860, the main mortality being in April 

 and May. The outbreak was evidently not simple lung disease. 



