48 



nursing iiud avoidance of exposure, also administration, daily, of 

 hall a bottlo of Hum, Arraclc, or Brandy, and stimulant tonic 

 mussauls. Gilchrist describes as Apoplexy of the lungs a disease 

 which is evidently the pulmonary variety of Anthrax, 



CHAPTER VI.— ON THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



We have not to hand any obsei-vations on the physiology and 

 pathology of the urine of the Elephant. His kidneys are, like 

 those of the Ox and Bear, lohulated, and several tubes running 

 from the kidney unite to foi-m the ureter. Cases of Bloody ueine 

 are said to have occurred, but they have not been accurately 

 observed ; so we are not in a position to state whether the urine 

 in them contained true blood, bile coloui'ing matter, or broken . 

 uoAvn albuminoid material. The symptoms described are pain in 

 staling, strangury (a voiding of the urine drop by drop). The 

 disease is said to be very dangerous. 



Renitis : Inflammation of the Kidneys, is denoted by fever, 

 abdominal pain, and swellings and pain detectible on pressure 

 over the kidneys during rectal examination ; the urine being 

 either passed in drops or entirely suppressed. This disease is 

 rare and liable to end fatally. Treatment ; Free exhibition of 

 mucilaginous drinks, such as saccharated water, linseed tea, and 

 gram water, also avoidance of diuretics, administration of mild 

 cathartics, and hot water applications to the belly, with frequent 

 enemata. " The animal to be allowed J seer of the tender stock 

 of the neem-tree during the taking of his mussauls" (Gilchrist). 

 Our knowledge of this part of elephant pathology, such as it 

 is, is entirely due to Gilchrist, much remains to be done in the 

 systematic examination of urine in health and disease. 



CHAPTER VII.— ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

 The Brain of the Elephant is not large, nor is it remarkably 

 small for the size of the animal. It differs mainly from that of 

 the horse in the great development of the mastoid lobules ; 

 "The olfactory lohes are large, whilst the Optic and muscular 

 nerves of the orhit are singularly small for so vast an animal ; 

 and one is immediately struck by the prodigious size of the fifth 

 nerve, which supplies the proboscis with its exquisite sensibility, 

 as well as by the great size of the niotor portion of the seventh, 

 which supplies the same organ with its power of movement and 



