65 



Chowecno is a term applied to a disease of frequent occurrence 

 but doubtful pathology. Para. 1791 of the Commissariat Code 

 commences thus " In crossing livers if elephants are in a heated 

 state they are liable to contract a disease called " Chowrung," if 

 they be permitted to get a chill. Extreme cold hiis the same 

 effect occasionally. The sinews become contracted and the animal 

 can barely move. A dram of liquor or a few warm uiussauls 

 may prevent the disease, but months of care will hardly cure it, 

 and the animal will be predispoied to it for the future." Gilchrist 

 considers it a partial ailection of all four feet and merely an 

 advanced state of the condition known as Gunruss by the Mahouts; 

 whereas Hood terms it " Weak Joints." The patient is stiff all 

 over apparently and turns the feet outwards ; in slight cases he is 

 able to walk well and his efficiency is not impaired. Gunrusa 

 affects only the fore feet, occasionally it supervenes suddenly in 

 apparently healthy animals as a premonitary symptom of Z^rbid, 

 Pathology : It remains to be decided in the future whether this is 

 Rheumatism or spasm of the n\uscles, or (as seems miost pro- 

 bable) a form of inflammation of the feet. Treatment comprises 

 careful nursing and avoidance of exposure to cold, with doses of 

 stimulants and antispasmodics internally. ' 



CHAPTER XI.— ON THE GENERATIVE SYSTEM. 



Section I. — In the Male. — The testes are small, globular, 

 situated against the ilium, and suspended, each in its special 

 Tunica Vaginalis, freely in the abdomen below the posterior ex- 

 tremity of the kidney. The Epididymis lies on the outer aide, 

 and the veins are romarkab'e for their number, large size, and 

 free communications. There are four prostate glands. The free end 

 of the penis is described as resembling a carrot, with a Y shaped 

 orifice. The great drawback to the use of males for work is their 

 liability to a peculiar sexual disturbance termed Must or Musthes 

 (in Ceylon, Mudda) which comes on at times aud renders the 

 animal unsafe and useless while it lasts. Although some of the 

 symptoms of this condition occur in the female at the rutting 

 season they are not very marked. In the wild male although the 

 other symptoms occur (most frequently in the cold weather from 

 November to February) they are seldom associated with fury 

 (Sanderson). It is, therefore, aggravated by confinement and varies 



