356 



DWIGHT E. MINNICH 



loop, and finally from d to e, U dextral loops. The total amount 

 of turning, or angular deflection, toward the right m this trail is, 

 therefore, If + 1| or 2| X 360°, whUe that to the left is ^ + s 



or f X 360°. . J . ,, . 



Since the honey-bee is positively phototropic and m this case 

 the left eye was blackened, the angular deflection toward the 

 right or functional eye is designated as positive; that toward the 

 left or covered eye, as negative. The algebraic sum of these 



Animal ftW >ymlU4iao. 

 Experiment No. II 

 Na of Animal 3 

 Date 'y!;/^ 



Time) ■'=" " 

 '™=1 30 sj 



Eye black 



Light I* 



No. dx. loops l3i;-n^=W- 



No. sn. loops K + >i= H 



Trail length, cm. 2 i.s """ 



Fig. 3 Record of bee no. 123 in non-directive light. 



angular deflections will give a result equivalent to the amount 

 of continuous turning required to carry the animal from the start- 

 ing point to the end of its course. Thus, in figure 3, the direction 

 of locomotion at a makes with the direction at e an angle, of 2| 

 X .360° - f X 360° or 2| X 360°. 



Knowing the distance traveled in centimeters and the amount 

 of turning in degrees, the average degrees turned per centimeter 

 is easily computed. Denoting this average deflection, as I shall 

 call it, by D, we have for the trail in figure 3, 



