CHAPTER XLIII: THE POND SNAILS. RIVER 



SNAILS 



Family ViviparidyE (Paludinid^) 



Shell turban-shaped; aperture simple; lip continuous; 

 epidermis olivaceous; operculum annular; foot large; snout 

 short, stout; right tentacle enlarged in male; eyes on base of 

 tentacles; teeth broad, serrated. Animal ovoviviparous. 



Genus VIVIPARA, Lam. 



Shell thin; spire produced; surface smooth; body dark; 

 head large; foot thick, not extending beyond the moderate snout; 

 neck lappets forming troughs to admit and discharge water from 

 the gill chamber. 



V. intertexta, Say, is globular, with three or four yellowish 

 green or brownish whorls ; the elevated apex is worn at the tip; 

 the lines on the surface are but skin deep. Lip continuous and 

 white. Maximum length and breadth, i inch. 



Habitat. — Marshes of Louisiana. 



Mr. Binney received specimens from Iowa and South Carolina. 



V. multicarinata, Hald., bears distinct raised revolving and 

 cross lines, on the green conical shell. The mouth is round and 

 large. Length, li inches. Southern states. 



V. contectoides, Binney, has five greenish rounded coils 

 forming a tall spire, and ending in a round mouth. Cross streaks 

 intersect the four revolving bands of brown which show through 

 the thin shell substance. A variable and handsome species, 

 allied to the European, K. conteda. Length, i inch. 



Habitat. — Michigan and Arkansas to Florida. 



Mr. Maxwell Smith has recently found Vivipara in locks 

 of the Erie Canal at Rochester, N. Y. 



Genus TULOTOMA, Hald. 



The Magnificent Tulotoma {T. magnifica, Conr.) is a solid 

 conical shell with two spiral rows of tubercles on the body whorl, 



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