XX INTEOUUCTIOlir. 



Swedish geology. Sfcrueturally-preservecl woods, including fungal 

 hyphfe, were described and figured by Conwentz in 1892 and 

 further investigated by Felix (1894). 



SWITZERLAND. 



In Heer's ' Die Urwelt der Schweiz,' which first appeared in 

 1805, he dealt with the fossil Floras of all. geological periods 

 in Switzerland, and included an account of the Lower Cretaceous 

 I'lora of several localities. In his ' Flora fossilis Heivetise ' 

 (1877) he described the Neocomian plants of Berne and else- 

 where, and the Upper Cretaceous plants of Freiburg and Berne. 

 He also referred to the Flysch deposits from which Fischer- 

 Ooster (1858) had already described the peculiar " fucoids." 

 Though chiefly Tertiary, the lower horizons of these beds are 

 probably of Cretaceous age. 



MADAGASCAK. 



Petrified wood from Madagascar has proved interesting and 

 important (see Fliche, 1900 a, 1905). 



EGYPT. 



The petrified forests of Egypt were the subject of much 

 comment even by the early writers. Among later authors, 

 linger (1859) and Carruthers (1870 a) may be mentioned, but 

 the most important work was done in connection with Eohlf's 

 expedition (in Zittel, PaloBontographica, 1883), the woods 

 being determined by Schenk. The plants are supposed to be 

 Upper Cretaceous, and geological evidence tends to prove this 

 for some of the horizons ; but there is still doubt as to whether 

 much of that described as Cretaceous wood is not really Tertiary. 

 The same plant-bearing deposits extend into JS"ubia, where much 

 of the wood is probably of Cretaceous age. 



AU8TEALASIA. 



The plant-bearing beds of this continent are not so well known 

 as could be wished. Unger (1866) first mentioned Cretaceous 

 plants from New Zealand, and Ettingshausen (1887 a) subse- 

 quently described numerous species from Upper Cretaceous 



