92 ANIMAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 
27. OILS AND FATS—Continued. 
d. Fish-oils: ; 
Oulachan oil used by Indians of Northwest coast for food 
and illumination. 
Shark and skate liver oil, including the ‘Rouen oil,” made 
on the coast of Normandy from the livers of Raia aquila, 
R. pastinaca, and RB. batis, used like cod-liver oil. 
Cramp-fish oil used by fishermen for cure of rheumatism. 
Soaps made from fish-oil. 
28. PERFUMES. 
a. Mammal perfumes: 
(Civet of the civet-cat (Viverra civetta) of Africa.) 
(Civet of the rasse ( Viverra rasse) of Java.) 
(Zibeth civet of the Zibeth (Viverra zibetha) of Indian 
Archipelago.) 
(Musk from musk-deer, (Tragulus, sp. var.,) in its various 
grades, of Tonquin or Thibet. and Kabardin, Russian, or 
Siberian musk.) 
Musk of musk-ox. 
Musk of the musquash. 
Castoreum of the beaver, including the various commercial 
grades, the Canadian, Hudson’s Bay, and Russian casto- 
reum, and specimens of castorine. 
(Hyraceum of the daman, (Hyrax capensis.) ) 
Ambergris of sperm-whale, with specimens ot ambreine. 
b. Reptile perfumes: 
Musk of alligator. 
Oil of hawksbill and loggerhead turtles, used in perfumery. 
29. COLORING MATERIALS. 
a. Derived from mammals: 
_ Bone-black. 
Ivory-black, (noire @ivoire,) used.in fine painting, and in the 
manufacture of bank-note ink. 
Prussiates, prussian-blue, ferrocyanide of potassium, made 
from hoofs and refuse human and other hair. 
Gall of animals used in dyeing. 
Dung of animals used in calico-printing. 
Hewatin made from blood, and used in turkey-red dye- 
works, and for the red liquor of printers. 
Wool-flocking. (See under D, 21.) 
