PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 95 
30. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, &c.—Continued. 
é. Derived from insects: 
Coccinella, used as a remedy for toothache. 
(Trehala, made from nests of beetles, (Larinas nidificans,) of 
East Indies, and used as a substitute for tapioca.) 
Formic acid. 
Oarbazotic acid and its derivatives, made from sewing silk 
scraps, and used as a substitute for quinine. 
Beeswax, used in manufacture of candles, cerates, plasters, 
and artificial flowers, in modeling and casting, and in 
medicine. — 
Honey, used as a preservative, a food, and in medicive as an 
aperient and demulcent. 
(Wax, used in Chinese pharmacy, secreted by the Coccus 
pehlah.) 
7 (Manna, produced by punctures of Coceus manniparus. 
a’. Manna from the Tamariz mannifera, used as food, and 
in medicine as a purgative. 
b. Cedar manna of Mount Lebanon, from Pinus cedrus. 
c. Arabian manna, from Hedysarum alliagi.) 
(Eye-powder, made by Chinese from the Telini fly, (Mylabris 
cichorti,) of India.) 
J. Derived from crustacea: 
Salve-bug of fishermen of Banks, (Caligus curtus,) parasite on 
cod-fish. 
Crabs’ eyes, or concretions from stomach of astacus, used as 
an antacid. 
g. Derived from worms: 
American leech, (Macrobdella decora,) used in surgery. 
(European leech, (Hirudo medicinalis,) introduced into Amer- 
ica.) 
(African leech, (Hirudo trochina,) introduced.) 
Leeches used as barometers. 
h. Derived from mollusks: 
(Cuttle-fish bone of Sepia officinalis.) (See under D, IIT, H.) 
Calcined shells, used for building-lime, and in manufacture 
of dentifrices and enamel. (See under III, H.) 
a. Derived from radiates: 
a. Limes, derived from calcining coral and coral rock. 
