5 
does less good than would otherwise be the case, since the deeper 
portions of the soil are not affected by the superficial cultivation 
and become gradually more and more compacted as a result of 
natural settling and of the tramping of horses and mules in cul- 
tivating the upper layer. 
_After the farmer has learned how to prevent the destruction of 
his crops by insects and fungus diseases, and after he has learned 
methods of handling the soil so as to prevent it from gradually 
acquiring very poor physical properties, there still remains the 
serious difficulty of marketing. To this side of diversified farm- 
ing in Hawaii we wish to give particular attention in the remaind- 
er of this report. 
LOCAL MARKETS AND IMPORTATIONS. 
It is generally recognized as impossible for any country 
to become developed to the fullest extent in an industrial way, 
or to furnish satisfactory conditions for life and proper citizen- 
ship until a good variety of crops has been placed upon a busi- 
ness basis. In no other way can a varied population find satis- 
factory means of livelihood for all concerned and the conditions 
for happiness and contentment, which are naturally demanded 
by human beings. Such a status of affairs is still to be realized 
in Hawaii. One of the most conspicuous features of our Islands 
is the great extent of apparently waste and unimproved lands. 
The scarcity of rural population is at present responsible in part 
for the great extent of real agricultural land which is either not 
utilized at all, or merely used a portion of the time for grazing 
purposes. In considering the agricultural possibilities in Hawaii 
we should bear in mind, therefore, not only the climatic and other 
conditions which are favorable to the growth of almost all kinds 
of crops, but also the fact that there is an abundance of land suit- 
able for various agricultural purposes and at present totally un- 
utilized. 
It is scarcely necessary to state that there is little use in en- 
couraging the production of crops for which there is no demand ; 
and, therefore, no market. If any one should engage in the pro- 
duction of such crops and meet with the inevitable failure which 
will await him he would not only become a mal-content himself, 
but would offer discouragement to others who might have a bet- 
ter scheme for obtaining a livelihood from the cultivation of the 
soil. It should, however, serve as a great encouragement to 
those who are interested in the proper development of the Terri- 
tory, to know that there is a regular and urgent demand on the 
part of our consuming population for a large variety of farm 
